CentOS7的镜像中已经提供了httpd2.4的rpm包,httpd2.4相对于httpd2.2有较大的改进,在CentOS6下只能通过Apache官方网站提供的源码包编译安装。
httpd2.4新特性:
MPM支持运行DOS机制;
支持event MPM;
支持异步读写;
支持每模块及每个目录分别使用各自的日志级别;
每请求配置;<If>
增强版的表达式分析器;
支持毫秒级的keepalive timeout;
基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令;
支持用户自定义变量;
新模块:
mod_proxy_fcgi#与PHP结合的模块;
mod_ratelimit#限制下载速率的模块;
mod_remoteip#设定远程客户端IP;
修改的配置机制:不再支持使用order,allow,deny定义基于ip的访问控制,改为require;
编译安装Httpd2.4:
httpd2.4依赖于apr和apr-util,1.4以上版本,所以需要一同编译安装;
apr:ApachePortable Runtime,Apache可移植运行时;
官网:apr.apache.org
实验环境:
系统版本:CentOS 6.6x86_64;
httpd源码包:httpd-2.4.16.tar.bz2;
apr源码包:apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2;
apr-util源码包:apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2
实验前提:
关闭防火墙和SELinux;
安装编译环境;
# yum groupinstall "Server Platform Development" "Developmenttools"
实验过程:
一、安装服务;
apr:
# tar xf apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2 # cd apr-1.5.2 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr # make && make install
apr-util:
# tar xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2 # cd apr-util-1.5.4 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/ --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/ :指明apr安装位置; # make && make install
httpd:
# tar xf httpd-2.4.16.tar.bz2 # cd httpd-2.4.16 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=all --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event # make && make install
httpd编译参数解释:
--prefix=/usr/local/apache :安装位置; --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd :配置文件位置; --enable-so :支持DSO动态装载模块; --enable-ssl :支持SSL/TLS,可实现https协议访问,需要安装openssl-devel; --enable-cgi :支持CGI脚本; --enable-rewrite :支持URL重写; --with-zlib :使用指定的zlib压缩库,不指定路径会自动寻找; --with-pcre :使用指定的pcre库,增强的正则表达式分析工具;不指定路径会自动寻找 需已安装pcre-devel; --with-apr=/usr/local/apr :指定依赖apr程序安装位置; --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util :指定依赖apr-util程序安装位置; --enable-modules=all :支持动态启用模块;all:所有,most:常用; --enable-mpms-shared=all :编译并共享模块; --with-mpm=event :默认启用模块;{prefork|worker|event}
二、参数配置;
接下来是安装完成之后的参数配置;
添加环境变量,并重读文件:
# vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh > export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH # source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
导出头文件;
# ln -sv /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/httpd
导出man手册;
# vim /etc/man.config > MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man
启动服务,查看监听端口;
# apachectl start # ss –tnl
访问测试;
提供服务脚本:
可使用rpm包安装提供的脚本修改使用:
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd > #!/bin/bash > # > # httpdStartup script for the Apache HTTP Server > # > # chkconfig:- 85 15 > #description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve > # HTML files and CGI. > #processname: httpd > # config:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf > # config:/etc/sysconfig/httpd > # pidfile:/var/run/httpd.pid > > # Sourcefunction library. > ./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions > > if [ -f/etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then > . /etc/sysconfig/httpd > fi > > # Starthttpd in the C locale by default. > HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"} > > # This willprevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if > # mod_sslneeds a pass-phrase from the user. > INITLOG_ARGS="" > > # SetHTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server > # with thethread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not > # workcorrectly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start. > > # Path tothe apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages. > apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl > httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd} > prog=httpd > pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid} > lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd} > RETVAL=0 > > start() { > echo -n $"Starting $prog: " > LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile}$httpd $OPTIONS > RETVAL=$? > echo > [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch${lockfile} > return $RETVAL > } > stop() { > echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " > killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd > RETVAL=$? > echo > [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f${lockfile} ${pidfile} > } > reload() { > echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " > if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS-t >&/dev/null; then > RETVAL=$? > echo $"not reloading dueto configuration syntax err or" > failure $"not reloading$httpd due to configuration >syntax error" > else > killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd-HUP > RETVAL=$? > fi > echo > } > > # See how wewere called. > case"$1" in > start) > start > ;; > stop) > stop > ;; > status) > status -p ${pidfile} $httpd > RETVAL=$? > ;; > restart) > stop > start > ;; > condrestart) > if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then > stop > start > fi > ;; > reload) > reload > ;; > graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus) > $apachectl [email protected] > RETVAL=$? > ;; > *) > echo $"Usage: $prog{start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}" > exit 1 > esac > > exit $RETVAL
修改主配置文件指定pidfile;
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf > PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"
脚本执行权限;
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
添加服务,测试脚本;
# chkconfig httpd –add # chkconfig httpd on
# service httpd stop # service httpd start # service httpd restart # service httpd reload
httpd2.4配置文件:
# /etc/httpd24 :编译安装时指定的配置文件目录; # /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf :主配置文件 # /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-default.conf :默认配置文件,keepalive、AccessFileName等设置; # /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-userdir.conf :用户目录配置文件; # /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-mpm.conf :MPM配置文件; # /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-ssl.conf :SSL配置文件,为站点提供https协议; # /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf :虚拟主机配置文件; # /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-info.conf :server-status页面配置文件;
至此httpd2.4的编译安装配置已完成,httpd2.4的配置与httpd2.2大致相同。