一、访问控制
限制只让某个ip访问:
allow 192.168.1.100;
deny all;
限制只有本地地址可以访问,白名单;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
拒绝本地访问,黑名单:
deny 127.0.0.1;
allow all;
deny all 直接拒绝所有,下面的allow就不生效了。
[[email protected] vhosts]# vi default.conf server { listen 80 default_server; server_name localhost; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /usr/local/nginx/html; deny all; allow 2.2.2.2; }
[[email protected] vhosts]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 192.168.20.30/index.html -I HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: nginx/1.6.2 Date: Fri, 15 May 2015 08:46:05 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 168 Connection: keep-alive
禁止某个IP或者IP段访问站点的设置方法:
1、首先建立下面的配置文件放在nginx的conf目录下面,命名为deny.ip
# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/deny.ip deny 192.168.20.10; deny 192.168.20.11; deny 192.168.10.0/24;
2、在nginx的配置文件nginx.conf中加入:include deny.ip;
3、重启一下nginx的服务:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 就可以生效了。
deny.ip 的格式中也可以用deny all; 如果你想实现这样的应用,除了几个IP外,其他全部拒绝,
allow 1.1.1.1;
allow 1.1.1.2;
deny all;
针对目录限制php解析:
location ~ .*(diy|template|attachments|forumdata|attachment|image/.*\.php$ {
deny all;
}
根据 user_agent 控制客户端访问
location / {
if ($http_user_agent ~ ‘bingbot/2.0|MJ12bot/v1.4.2|Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato|Gecko/20100315‘){
return 403;
}
}
实验:限定IE7.0 和 curl 不能访问;IE8.0可以正常打开;
location / {
if ($http_user_agent ~ ‘MSIE 7.0|curl‘){
return 403;
}
}
curl -A 代表浏览器标识agent;模拟浏览器标识;测试包含bingbot/2.0,MSIE 7.0,curl的返回值为403;
[[email protected] vhosts]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -A "aabingbot/2.0ss" www.111.com -I HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: nginx/1.6.2 Date: Fri, 15 May 2015 21:09:35 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 168 Connection: keep-alive
[[email protected] vhosts]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -A "MSIE 7.0aa" www.111.com -I HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: nginx/1.6.2 Date: Fri, 15 May 2015 21:13:50 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 570 Connection: keep-alive
[[email protected] vhosts]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 192.168.20.30/index.html -I HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: nginx/1.6.2 Date: Fri, 15 May 2015 09:15:27 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 168 Connection: keep-alive
二、nginx的rewrite应用
现在有这样的的需求,访问 www.abc.com 请求到 www.abc.com/abc/
在nginx虚拟主机配置文件中加入 :
if ($document_uri !~ ‘abc‘)
{
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.abc.com/abc/$1 permanent;
}
而不是单独加一句rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.abc.com/abc/$1 permanent;
如果只加rewrite 规则,而不限定条件,那么会造成死循环。
会访问到http://www.abc.com/abc/abc/abc/abc/....
实验测试,只加一行rewrite规则,redirect 302 临时重定向;
[[email protected] vhosts]# cat 111.conf server { listen 80; server_name www.aaa.com aaa.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data/www2; rewrite ^/(.*)$ /aaa/$1 redirect; location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi-www2.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/www2$fastcgi_script_name; } }
使用curl测试跳转到http://www.aaa.com/aaa/asdfasdfa;
[[email protected] vhosts]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.aaa.com/asdfasdfa -I HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Server: nginx/1.6.2 Date: Fri, 15 May 2015 09:54:10 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 160 Location: http://www.aaa.com/aaa/asdfasdfa Connection: keep-alive
浏览器输入http://www.aaa.com/asdfasdfa 出现死循环网址;
加入if判断,域名不匹配aaa的时候跳转到aaa地址下;浏览器访问跳转正确,出现404错误是我们做实验没有这个目录;
if ($document_uri !~ ‘aaa‘)
{
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /aaa/$1 redirect;
}
三、nginx代理配置
/conf/vhosts/目录下,新建一个proxy.conf 写入下面的内容:
[[email protected] vhosts]# cat proxy.conf server { listen 80; server_name location / { proxy_pass http://180.97.33.108/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }
代理baidu.com,proxy_pass填写baidu的ip地址;
#curl -x192.168.20.30:80 www.baidu.com 使用本地解析baidu.com 就可以访问百度的主页;
dig命令查看baidu的别名和对应的ip地址;
#dig www.baidu.com
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.baidu.com. 1065 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com. 183 IN A 180.97.33.108
www.a.shifen.com. 183 IN A 180.97.33.107
如果代理的机器有多台,可以实现负载均衡。bbb为自定义的内容;
upstream bbb { server 180.97.33.108:80; server 180.97.33.107:80; } server { listen 80; server_name location / { proxy_pass http://bbb/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }