DHCP简介
DHCP是动态主机配置协议（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol）的简称，是一种简化计算机IP地址分配管理的TCP/IP标准协议。网络管理员可以利用DHCP服务器动态分配IP地址及其相关的环境配置。
DHCP的工作过程
DHCP客户使用两种不同的过程来与DHCP服务器通信并获得TCP/IP配置。当客户机首次启动并尝试加入网络时，执行的事初始化过程，而在客户机拥有IP租用之后将执行刷新过程。
DHCP的安装
安装DHCP
#mkdir /mnt/cdrom
#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected,mounting read-only
# cd/mnt/cdrom/Packages/
# lsdhcp*
dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
dhcp-common-4.2.5-27.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
dhcp-libs-4.2.5-27.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
#rpm -Uvh dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
warning:dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key IDf4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... #################################[100%]
Updating / installing...
1:dhcp-12:4.2.5-27.el7.centos ################################# [100%]
#rpm -qc dhcp
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf
/etc/openldap/schema/dhcp.schema
/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd6.leases
# cd/etc/dhcp/
# cpdhcpd.conf dhcpd.conf.origin
#cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#
#DHCP Server Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example
# see dhcpd.conf(5) man page
#
编辑dhcpd.conf
在最后添加如下信息
# vi/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
option domain-name"bigcloud.local";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.188.11,192.168.188.12;
#VLAN1
option routers 192.168.188.2 subnet192.168.188.0 network 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.188.100 192.168.188.159;
range 192.168.188.170 192.168.188.253;
default-lease-time 259200;
max-lease-time 259200;
}
#VLAN2
option routes 192.168.188.2 subnet192.168.189.0 network 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.189.100 192.168.189.253;
default-lease-time 691200;
max-lease-time 691200;
}
host printer {
hardware ethernet 00:12:34:56:78:90;
fixed-address 192.168.188.111;
}
配置DHCPD为自动启动
#chkconfig dhcpd on
Note: Forwarding request to ‘systemctlenable dhcpd.service‘.
#systemctl enable dhcpd
测试
我们可以找一台物理机进行测试，看是否能分到ip
我们可以使用ipconfig /release释放ip
在使用ipconfig /renew 重新获取ip
我们就可以看到
以太网适配器本地连接：
连接特定的DNS后缀............：bigcloud.local
本地连接IPv6地址.............：fe80:bc6f:8cb2:2c8a:ee10%11
IPv4地址.....................：192.168.188.100
子网掩码.....................：255.255.255.0
默认网关.....................：192.168.188.2