apache代理多个tomcat实例如何做负载均衡 / 憋错料

实验环境：

IP:10.0.0.10

系统：CentOS 6.4

jdk版本：java version "1.8.0_65"

tomcat版本：Apache Tomcat/8.0.24

apache版本：Apache/2.2.27 (Unix)

思路：

1、安装Apache
2、安装tomcat
3、安装mod_jk
4、加载mod_jk
5、关闭tomcat的侦听端口
6、应用分离(静态与动态页面分离)

安装apache

[[email protected] src]# tar xf httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz

[[email protected] src]# cd httpd-2.2.27

[[email protected] httpd-2.2.27]# ./configure

--prefix=/usr/local/apache2 ---指定安装路径

--enable-proxy-balancer ---apache代理balancer模块

--enable-proxy-http ---apache代理http模块

--enable-proxy-connect ---apache 代理连接模块

--enable-proxy ---apache代理模块

--enable-rewrite ---基本的URL操纵规则，即启用URL重写规则

--enable-proxy-ajp ---apache代理ajp模块

[[email protected] httpd-2.2.27]# mkdir -p /data/{www,wwwroot} 建两个程序家目录

[[email protected] httpd-2.2.27]# make && make install 编译安装

apache配置文件主文件：

[[email protected] ROOT]# cat httpd.conf

30:ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache2" ---指定apache程序安装的家目录

41:Listen 80 ---指定监听端口

56:<IfModule !mpm_netware_module>

57:<IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>

66:User daemon ---指定apache运行的用户

67:Group daemon ---指定apache运行的组

69:</IfModule>

70:</IfModule>

89:ServerAdmin [email protected] ---指定网站管理员邮箱

98:ServerName www.example.com:80 ---指定FQDN名

105:DocumentRoot "/data" ---指定程序家目录

115:<Directory />

116: Options FollowSymLinks

117: AllowOverride None

118: Order deny,allow

119: Deny from all

120:</Directory>

132:<Directory "/data"> ---指定程序家目录

145: Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

152: AllowOverride None

157: Order allow,deny

158: Allow from all

160:</Directory>

166:<IfModule dir_module>

167: DirectoryIndex index.html 指定首页文件

168:</IfModule>

174:<FilesMatch "^\.ht">

175: Order allow,deny

176: Deny from all

177: Satisfy All

178:</FilesMatch>

187:ErrorLog "logs/error_log" ---指定错误日志文件路径

194:LogLevel warn ---指定日志级别

196:<IfModule log_config_module>

201: LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

202: LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

204: <IfModule logio_module>

206: LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio

207: </IfModule>

216: CustomLog "logs/access_log" common

223:</IfModule>

225:<IfModule alias_module>

252: ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/"

254:</IfModule>

256:<IfModule cgid_module>

262:</IfModule>

268:<Directory "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin">

269: AllowOverride None

270: Options None

271: Order allow,deny

272: Allow from all

273:</Directory>

284:DefaultType text/plain

286:<IfModule mime_module>

291: TypesConfig conf/mime.types --指定文件类型

308: AddType application/x-compress .Z ---指定压缩类型

309: AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz ---指定打包类型

332:</IfModule>

396:Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf ---此处必须打开，否则无法使用虚拟主机

414:<IfModule ssl_module>

415:SSLRandomSeed startup builtin

416:SSLRandomSeed connect builtin

417:</IfModule>

418:LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so

419:JkWorkersFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/workers.properties --指定负载均衡列表文件

420:JkMountFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/uriworkermap.properties --指定文件类型处理

421:JkMountFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/uriworkermap1.properties --指定文件类型处理

422:JkLogFile /usr/local/apache2/logs/mod_jk.log --指定mod_jk日志文件

423:JkLogLevel info --指定日志级别

424:JkLogStampformat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]" ---指定日志格式

[[email protected] extra]# cat httpd-vhosts.conf |grep -vnE "^#|^$"

19:NameVirtualHost *:80

27:<VirtualHost *:80>

28: ServerAdmin [email protected]

29: DocumentRoot "/data/www"

30: ServerName www.test1.com

31: ServerAlias test1.com

32: DirectoryIndex index.html

33: ErrorLog "logs/dummy-test1-error_log"

34: CustomLog "logs/dummy-test1-access_log" common

35:

36: JkMountFile conf/uriworkermap.properties 指定对于动静态文件处理的程序

43:

45:</VirtualHost>

47:<VirtualHost *:80>

48: ServerAdmin [email protected] 管理员邮箱

49: DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot" 程序加目录

50: ServerName www.test2.com 站点名

51: ServerAlias test2.com 站点别名

52: DirectoryIndex index.html 首页文件

53: ErrorLog "logs/dummy-test2-error_log" 错误日志

54: CustomLog "logs/dummy-test2-access_log" common 访问日志

56:JkMountFile conf/uriworkermap1.properties 指定对于动静态文件处理的程序

57:</VirtualHost>

在虚拟主机目录里面分别建两个index.html文件。并启动apache程序，用域名访问两个网站(注：此处需要在本地做hosts解析)如果可以访问，则apache正常运行了(需关闭防火墙和安全策略)

[[email protected] data]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -t 测试配置文件是否Ok

Syntax OK

[[email protected] data]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start 启动apache

[[email protected] data]# cd /data/

[[email protected] data]# cd www

[[email protected] www]# ls

[[email protected] www]# echo "this is test1 web" > index.html

[[email protected] www]# cd ../wwwroot/

[[email protected] wwwroot]# echo "this is test2 web" > index.html

[[email protected] wwwroot]# ps -ef|grep httpd

root 54795 1 0 11:12 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 54796 54795 0 11:12 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 54797 54795 0 11:12 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 54798 54795 0 11:12 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 54799 54795 0 11:12 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 54800 54795 0 11:12 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start

root 54803 2708 0 11:15 pts/1 00:00:00 grep httpd

apache安装完毕。

安装jk_mod:

# tar -xzf tomcat-connectors-1.2.32-src.tar.gz

# cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.32-src/

# cd native/

# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs

# make && make install #

ll /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_jk.so

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1076923 Feb 20 19:14 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_jk.so

安装jdk,因为tomcat的运行必须要jdk的支持。

[[email protected] src]# rpm -qa|grep java ---查看是否安装有jdk且版本是否支持

java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64

gcc-java-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64

java_cup-0.10k-5.el6.x86_64

[[email protected] src]# rpm -e --nodeps java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64 gcc-java-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 java_cup-0.10k-5.el6.x86_64 ---如版本过低则卸载

[[email protected] src]# ls

apache-tomcat-8.0.24.zip httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz jdk-8u65-linux-x64.rpm tomcat-connectors-1.2.32-src.tar.gz

[[email protected] src]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u65-linux-x64.rpm

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:jdk1.8.0_65 ########################################### [100%]

Unpacking JAR files...

tools.jar...

plugin.jar...

javaws.jar...

deploy.jar...

rt.jar...

jsse.jar...

charsets.jar...

localedata.jar...

jfxrt.jar...

[[email protected] java]# vim /etc/profile ---末尾添加

unset i

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_65

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH:

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

unset -f pathmunge

[[email protected] java]# source /etc/profile

[[email protected] java]# echo $JAVA_HOME

/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_65

解压tomcat程序：

[[email protected] src]# unzip apache-tomcat-8.0.24.zip

[[email protected] src]# mv apache-tomcat-8.0.24 tomcat1

[[email protected] src]# \cp -r tomcat1 tomcat2

[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/src/tomcat1/bin

[[email protected] bin]# chmod +x *.sh

[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/src/tomcat2/bin

[[email protected] bin]# chmod +x *.sh

修改tomcat1和tomcat2的service.xml文件

tomcat1的配置文件：

[[email protected] bin]# cat ../conf/server.xml

<?xml version=‘1.0‘ encoding=‘utf-8‘?>

<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"

type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"

description="User database that can be updated and saved"

factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"

pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443" />

<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"

resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

</Realm>

<Host name="www.test1.com" appBase="webapps" --->hostname与httpd-vhost里面相对应

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

<Context path="" docBase="/data/www"/> --->docBase与虚拟主机里面的DR对应

</Host>

</Engine>

</Service>

</Server>

tomcat2的配置文件：

[[email protected] conf]# cat server.xml|grep -v "^#"

<?xml version=‘1.0‘ encoding=‘utf-8‘?>

<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"

type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"

description="User database that can be updated and saved"

factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"

pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />

<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443" />

<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"

resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

</Realm>

<Host name="www.test2.com" appBase="webapps" --->hostname与httpd-vhost里面相对应

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

<Context path="" docBase="/data/wwwroot"/> --->docBase与虚拟主机里面的DR对应

</Host>

</Engine>

</Service>

</Server>

[[email protected] conf]# cat uriworkermap1.properties

/*=tomcat2 需要给tomcat2处理的文件类型

!/*.jpg=tomcat2 给apache处理的文件类型

!/*.gif=tomcat2

!/*.png=tomcat2

!/*.bmp=tomcat2

!/*.html=tomcat2

!/*.htm=tomcat2

!/*.swf=tomcat2

!/*.css= tomcat2

!/*.js= tomcat2

[[email protected] conf]# cat uriworkermap.properties

/*=tomcat1 需要给tomcat1处理的文件类型

!/*.jpg=tomcat1 给apache处理的文件类型

!/*.gif=tomcat1

!/*.png=tomcat1

!/*.bmp=tomcat1

!/*.html=tomcat1

!/*.htm=tomcat1

!/*.swf=tomcat1

!/*.css= tomcat1

!/*.js= tomcat1

[[email protected] conf]# cat workers.properties

worker.list=tomcat1,tomcat2 指定负载均衡器名称

worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13 协议

worker.tomcat1.host=localhost 主机名

worker.tomcat1.port=8009 端口，必须和tomcat1里面的对应

worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1 权重

worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13 协议

worker.tomcat2.host=localhost 主机名

worker.tomcat2.port=8019 端口，必须和tomcat2里面的对应

worker.tomcat2.lbfactor=1 权重

上传网站网站即可，重启apache与tomcat1和tomcat2

www.test1.com效果：

www.test2.com效果：

时间： 2024-08-01 22:43:08

apache代理多个tomcat实例如何做负载均衡

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