python操作linux关机、重启和修改ip地址

生产环境中，需求为关机，重启和修改ip地址，用Python脚本实现。

#coding = utf8
‘‘‘
Created on 2016-7-4
@desc: change the network of system and reboot,shutdown ;suit for ubuntu and centos
@attention: if ubuntu, need root or sudo without password ;and before use this script ,
            you need change something; eg: 
            <
            chown root:root changenetwork.py
            chmod 777 changenetwork.py
            chmod 777 /etc/network/interfaces
            >
‘‘‘

import sys
import os
import platform
import commands

class systemControl(object):
    
    def __init__(self,command,ip,gateway,netmask,device):
        """
        @desc: init
        """
        self.platform = self.getPlatform()
        self.command = command
        self.ip = ip
        self.gateway = gateway
        self.netmask = netmask
        self.device = device
    
    def shutDown(self):
        """
        @attention: shutdown the system
        """
        os.system("sudo init 0")
    
    def reboot(self):
        """
        @attention: reboot the system
        """
        os.system("sudo init 6")
    
    def changeNetwork(self):
        """
        @attention: change the network of the system
        """
        if self.platform == "centos":
            path = "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-"+str(self.device)
            file_handler = open(path,"r")
            network_content = file_handler.read()
            file_handler.close()
            conte = "IPADDR=%s\nNETMASK=%s\nGATEWAY=%s\n" %(self.ip,self.netmask,self.gateway)
            num = network_content.find("IPADDR")
            if num != -1:
                network_content = network_content[:num]+conte
                file_handler = open(path,"w")
                file_handler.write(network_content)
                file_handler.close()
        elif self.platform == "ubuntu":
            path = "/etc/network/interfaces"
            file_handler = open(path,"r")
            network_interfaces = file_handler.read()
            file_handler.close()
            network_content = network_interfaces.split("auto")
            for i in network_content:
                if self.device in i:
                    content = "auto %s\niface %s inet static\n\taddress %s\n\tnetmask %s\n\tgateway %s\n\t" %(self.device,self.device,self.ip,self.netmask,self.gateway)
                    network_interfaces = network_interfaces.replace(i,content)
                    break
            file_handler = open(path,"w")
            file_handler.write(network_interfaces)
            file_handler.close()
        result = commands.getoutput("sudo ifdown %s && sudo ifup %s" %(self.device,self.device))
        print result
    
    def delWith(self):
        if self.command == "reboot":
            self.reboot()
        elif self.command == "shutdown":
            self.shutDown()
        elif self.command == "changeNetwork":
            self.changeNetwork()
        else:
            print "no this command......"
    
    def getPlatform(self):
        """
        @attention: get the platform of the system
        """
        try:
            platForm = platform.platform().lower()
            if "ubuntu" in platForm:
                print platForm
                return "ubuntu"
            elif "centos" in platForm:
                print platForm
                return "centos"
        except:
            print "unknow os..."
            return None
         
if __name__ == "__main__":
    """"
    @param: <shutdown/reboot>
            <changeNetwork>,<ip>,<gateway>,<netmask>,<device>
    """
    command = sys.argv[1]
    try:
        ip = sys.argv[2]
        gateway = sys.argv[3]
        netmask = sys.argv[4]
        device = sys.argv[5]
    except:
        ip = None
        gateway = None
        netmask = None
        device = None
    doSomething = systemControl(command,ip,gateway,netmask,device)
    doSomething.delWith()

目前只支持Ubuntu和centos，其他操作系统上没测试，应该也行。

若要是Ubuntu，需要修改sudo免密状态：

sudo vim /etc/sudoers.d/nopasswd4sudo

添加内容重启：

cimer  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD : ALL

修改文件权限：

chmod 777 /etc/network/interfaces

使用说明：

python systemControl.py shutdown #关机
python systemControl.py reboot #重启
python systemControl.py changeNetwork ip gateway netmask device #修改ip