PXE+Kickstart+DHCP+TFTP实现无人值守安装操作系统

Kickstart是一种无人值守的安装方式，工作原理就是预先把原本需要运维人员手工填写的参数保存成一个ks.cfg文件，当安装过程中出现需要填写参数时则自动匹配Kickstart生成的文件，所以只要Kickstart文件包含了安装过程中所有需要人工填写的参数，那么运维人员就完全不需要干预，等待安装完毕即可。

#系统环境

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

[[email protected] ~]# uname -r

3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]# ip addr show enp0s8 | awk ‘NR==3{print $2}‘

192.168.235.36/24

#安装DHCP   给客户提供IP地址

[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y dhcp

[[email protected] ~]# vim  /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf     #编辑DHCP主配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# cat  /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf | grep -v "#" | head -8

subnet 192.168.235.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.235.10 192.168.235.20;

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

option domain-name-servers 192.168.235.36;

next-server 192.168.235.36;

filename "pxelinux.0";

}

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start dhcpd

#安装 FTP 给客户机传输镜像文件

[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y vsftpd

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start vsftpd    #匿名用户访问即可

#安装 tftp 给客户机传输引导程序

[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y tftp-server

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp | grep  disable    #将disable  修改为no

disable = no

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start tftp.service

#安装 syslinux

#syslinux是用于提供引导加载的服务程序

[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y syslinux

#挂载光盘

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom/

#拷贝相关文件

[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/

[[email protected] tftpboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0  .

[[email protected] tftpboot]# cp /mnt/cdrom/images/pxeboot/initrd.img  .

[[email protected] tftpboot]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/vesamenu.c32  .

[[email protected] tftpboot]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/boot.msg  .

[[email protected] tftpboot]# cp /mnt/cdrom/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz .

[[email protected] tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg

[[email protected] tftpboot]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/isolinux.cfg pxelinux.cfg/default

[[email protected] tftpboot]# chmod 777  /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

[[email protected] tftpboot]# vim pxelinux.cfg/default

#将第一行修改为如下值

[[email protected] tftpboot]# sed -n ‘1p‘ /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

default linux

#将第64行修改为如下值

[[email protected] tftpboot]# sed -n ‘64p‘ /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=ftp://192.168.235.36 ks=ftp://192.168.235.36/pub/ks.cfg  quiet

[[email protected] tftpboot]# systemctl status vsftpd

[[email protected] tftpboot]# cp -r /mnt/cdrom/* /var/ftp/

[[email protected] tftpboot]# cp ~/anaconda-ks.cfg /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg

[[email protected] tftpboot]# chmod +r /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg

[[email protected] tftpboot]# vim  /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg

#注释第5行的cdrom  并增加如下几行值

install    #安装指令

url --url=ftp://192.168.235.36   #镜像位置

selinux --disabled      #关闭selinux

zerombr     #清空MBR

reboot     #重启

#用Vbox新建一台虚拟机 系统选项中 启动顺序改为如下设置

#并且网络在跟服务器一个网络中

#开启客户机 等待数分钟

#自动安装成功