以下内容引用自http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/java/sending-email.html：
用Java应用程序来发送一封电子邮件是足够简单的，但是开始时应该在机器上安装有JavaMail API和Java Activation Framework(JAF)。
- 可以从Java的标准企业网站上下载最新的JavaMail（1.2 版本）版本。
- 可以从Java的标准企业网站上下载最新的JAF（1.1.1 版本）版本。
下载并解压这些文件，在新创建的顶级目录中将找到许多应用程序的jar文件。需要CLASSPATH中添加mail.jar和activation.jar文件。（POM项目和Eclipse工程省略这一步）
一、发送一封简单的电子邮件
这是从机器中发送一封简单的电子邮件的例子。这里假设本地主机连接到了因特网并且能够发送一封电子邮件。
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendEmail {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Recipient‘s email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "[email protected]";
// Sender‘s email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "[email protected]";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";//This is SMTP Server,Ex:smtp.163.com
// set email username
String user = "user";
// set email password
String password = "password";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
properties.setProperty("mail.user", user);
properties.setProperty("mail.password", password);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Now set the actual message
message.setText("This is actual message");
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//编译并运行这个程序来发送一封简单的电子邮件：
$ java SendEmail
Sent message successfully....
如果想要给多个收信者发送一封电子邮件，那么以下的方法将被用来发送给指定的多个电子邮件ID：
void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses) throws MessagingException
这是参数的描述：
- type：这将被设置为TO，CC或者BCC。这里CC表示副本，BCC表示Black Carbon Copy。例如Message.RecipientType.TO。
- addresses：这是电子邮件ID的数组。当指定电子邮件ID时，需要使用InternetAddress()。
二、发送一封HTML电子邮件
这是从机器发送一封HTML电子邮件的例子。这里假设本地主机连接到了因特网并且能够发送一封电子邮件。
这个例子和前一个非常相似，除了在这用setContent()方法来设置第二个参数为"text/html"以指定 HTML 内容被包括在消息中的内容。
使用这个例子，可以发送任何HTML内容。
//File Name SendHTMLEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendHTMLEmail {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Recipient‘s email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "[email protected]";
// Sender‘s email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "[email protected]";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";//This is SMTP Server,Ex:smtp.163.com
// set email username
String user = "user";
// set email password
String password = "password";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
properties.setProperty("mail.user", user);
properties.setProperty("mail.password", password);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like
message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>", "text/html");
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//编译并运行这个程序来发送一封 HTML 的电子邮件：
$ java SendHTMLEmail
Sent message successfully....
三、发送电子邮件中的附件
这是一个从机器中发送一封带有附件的电子邮件的例子。这里假设本地主机连接到了因特网并且能够发送一封电子邮件。
//File Name SendFileEmail.java
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendFileEmail {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Recipient‘s email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "[email protected]";
// Sender‘s email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "[email protected]";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";// This is SMTP Server,Ex:smtp.163.com
// set email username
String user = "user";
// set email password
String password = "password";
// Get system properties
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
properties.setProperty("mail.user", user);
properties.setProperty("mail.password", password);
// Get the default Session object.
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Create the message part
BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
// Fill the message
messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");
// Create a multipar message
Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
// Set text message part
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
// Part two is attachment
messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
String filename = "file.txt";
DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
// Send the complete message parts
message.setContent(multipart);
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//编译并运行这个程序来发送一封 HTML 电子邮件：
$ java SendFileEmail
Sent message successfully....
四、用户身份认证部分
如果为了身份认证的目的需要给电子邮件服务器提供用户ID和密码，可以像这样设置这些属性：
props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser");
props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");
电子邮件发送机制的剩余部分和上述解释的一样。
测试工程：https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/javabasicstest/test27
时间： 2024-10-20 14:28:00