表单-modelform

ModelForm：

大家在写表单的时候，会发现表单中的Field和模型中的Field基本上是一模一样的，而且表单中需要验证的数据，也就是我们模型中需要保存的。那么这时候我们就可以将模型中的字段和表单中的字段进行绑定。
比如现在有个Article的模型。示例代码如下：

from django.db import models
from django.core import validators
class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=10,validators=[validators.MinLengthValidator(limit_value=3)])
    content = models.TextField()
    author = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    category = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

那么在写表单的时候，就不需要把Article模型中所有的字段都一个个重复写一遍了。示例代码如下：

from django import forms
class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = "__all__"

MyForm是继承自forms.ModelForm，然后在表单中定义了一个Meta类，在Meta类中指定了model=Article，以及fields="__all__"，这样就可以将Article模型中所有的字段都复制过来，进行验证。如果只想针对其中几个字段进行验证，那么可以给fields指定一个列表，将需要的字段写进去。比如只想验证title和content，那么可以使用以下代码实现：

from django import forms
class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = [‘title‘,‘content‘]

如果要验证的字段比较多，只是除了少数几个字段不需要验证，那么可以使用exclude来代替fields。比如我不想验证category，那么示例代码如下：

class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        exclude = [‘category‘]

自定义错误消息：

使用ModelForm，因为字段都不是在表单中定义的，而是在模型中定义的，因此一些错误消息无法在字段中定义。那么这时候可以在Meta类中，定义error_messages，然后把相应的错误消息写到里面去。示例代码如下：

class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        exclude = [‘category‘]
        error_messages  ={
            ‘title‘:{
                ‘max_length‘: ‘最多不能超过10个字符！‘,
                ‘min_length‘: ‘最少不能少于3个字符！‘
            },
            ‘content‘: {
                ‘required‘: ‘必须输入content！‘,
            }
        }

save方法：

ModelForm还有save方法，可以在验证完成后直接调用save方法，就可以将这个数据保存到数据库中了。示例代码如下：

form = MyForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
    form.save()
    return HttpResponse(‘succes‘)
else:
    print(form.get_errors())
    return HttpResponse(‘fail‘)

这个方法必须要在clean没有问题后才能使用，如果在clean之前使用，会抛出异常。另外，我们在调用save方法的时候，如果传入一个commit=False，那么只会生成这个模型的对象，而不会把这个对象真正的插入到数据库中。比如表单上验证的字段没有包含模型中所有的字段，这时候就可以先创建对象，再根据填充其他字段，把所有字段的值都补充完成后，再保存到数据库中。示例代码如下：

form = MyForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
    article = form.save(commit=False)
    article.category = ‘Python‘
    article.save()
    return HttpResponse(‘succes‘)
else:
    print(form.get_errors())
    return HttpResponse(‘fail‘)

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ys-python/p/11285968.html

时间： 2024-10-13 13:10:18

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Django 提供一个辅助类来让你可以从Django 的模型创建表单.生成的表单类中将具有和指定的模型字段对应的表单字段,顺序为fields 属性中指定的顺序. ForeignKey 和 ManyToManyField 字段类型 ForeignKey 表示成django.forms.ModelChoiceField,它是一个ChoiceField,其选项是模型的查询集. ManyToManyField 表示成django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField,它是一个Mu