python2
range(20)
for i in range(10):
print(i)
range(1,10) -----》从1开始到9
else: #如果for循环正常结束, 就执行else语句,(break为不正常结束)(注:此处的的else为与for循环的for同级别)
break #跳出整个当前循环,只跳一层
continue#跳出当次循环,继续下一次循环
while循环
1 count = 0 2 while Ture: 3 if count = 10000000 4 print(‘dsdsfdsfsf‘) 5 break 6 count+=1
count = 0 while True: if count == 10000000 print(‘dsdsfdsfsf‘) break count+=1
count = 0 while count < 100: print(‘dsdsfdsfsf‘) count+=1
变量: 用来记录状态
变量值的变化即状态的变化, 程序运行的本质就是来处理一系列状态的变化
数据类型(五大基础数据类型)
1.数字
整型int
base 用来把字符串转换为10进制的整数
int(‘0b1010‘,base=2)
age=10---->int(10) ------>_init_
长整型
布尔bool
ture 和 false
1和0
浮点数float
复数
2.字符串
msg=‘hello world‘---->str
print (msg[1])字符串字母特定位置
print(msg.capitalize())#首字母大写
print(msg.center(20,‘*’)) 定义居中格数,以及空格处符号(默认为空格)
print(msg.count(‘l’,4,7)) # -1(代表从右边数第一个,相当于10)
print(msg.endswitch(‘l‘) ) #结尾的字母是否为‘l’
msg1=‘a\tb‘
print(msg1.expandtabs(10))#指定tab的空格数,默认4个
print(msg.find(‘d‘))#返回元素在字符串的位置,如果同一元素有多个找到第一个就结束,后面木再找
print(msg.find(‘d‘,0,4))
format
print(‘{0}{1}‘.format(‘name‘,‘age‘))
print(‘{name}‘.format(name=‘alex‘))#调用后面的定义变量的值
print(‘{}{}‘.format(‘name‘,‘age‘))#一一对应
字符串判断
msg3=‘a123’
print(msg3.isalnum())#字幕和数字组成的字符串
print(msg3.isalpha())#全是字幕返回true
msg4=‘10’
msg5=‘10.2‘
print(msg5.isdecimal)#浮点数
msg6=‘10‘
print(msg.isdigit())判断是否为整型
msg7=‘10.3‘
print((msg7).isnumeric)
msg8=‘while‘
print(msg.isidentifier)
msg9=‘aaa’
print(msg.islower) #小写字母
msg10=‘ aaa’
print(msg10.isspace)#包含空格
msg11=‘Hello’
print(msg11.istitle)#单词首字母大写为title
msg12=‘Hello’
print(msg12.isupper)#全是大写
msg13=‘abc’
print(msg13.ljust(10,‘*‘))#左对齐
print(msg13.rjust(10,‘*‘))# 右对齐
print(msg13.center(10,‘*‘))# 居中
print(msg13.upper(10,‘*‘))# 将小写转化为大写
字符串常用的
# str()# msg=‘hello world‘# print(msg.capitalize())### print(‘{0} {1}‘.format(‘name‘,‘age‘))## print(‘{name}‘.format(name=‘alex‘))# print(‘{}{}‘.format(‘name‘,‘age‘))## print(msg.endswith( ‘l‘)) # msg13=‘abc‘## print(msg13.ljust(10,‘*‘))## print(msg13.rjust(10,‘*‘))## print(msg13.center(10,‘*‘))## print(msg13.upper(10,‘*‘))### #==================================## msg14=‘hello‘# print(msg14.find(‘w‘))# print(msg14.index(‘w‘))## msg15=‘ sdff ‘# print(msg15.strip())#去掉首尾的空格# print(msg15.lstrip())#去掉左边的空格# print(msg15.rstrip())#去掉右边的空格## #制造翻译表# msg16=‘my name is abc‘# table=str.maketrans(‘abc‘,‘ale‘)# print(msg16.translate(table))# ## #zfill# msg17=‘abc‘# print(msg17.zfill(20))#右对齐,不够的用‘0’补# print(msg17.ljust(20,‘0‘))# print(msg17.rjust(20,‘0‘)) #字符串常用的操作#移除空白# msg19=‘123234423423‘# print(msg19.strip(‘1‘))# #分割 ----取范围# msg20=‘nihao 123‘## print(msg20[0:3])# print(msg20[2:7:2]) #隔两个取一次# #长度# len(msg20)#字符串长度# len(msg20)/2## round(len(msg20)/2)# #索引 下表# #切片 分割### #==================# #运算符# #1.算数运算符 +-*/# #‘//‘地板除,只取整数部分# #2.比较运算符# # == !=# 赋值运算符# #age+=1<==> age=age+1## 位运算符## 逻辑运算## 成员运算## 身份运算## count = 0# while True:# if count == 10000000# print(‘dsdsfdsfsf‘)# break# count+=1 # count = 0# while count < 100:# print(‘dsdsfdsfsf‘)# count+=1 # age = 20# count = 0# while count < 3:# myage = input(‘myage:‘)# if myage.isdigit():# myage = int(myage)# else:# continue# if myage == age:# print(‘yes‘)# break# elif myage < age:# print(‘猜大点‘)# else:# print(‘猜小点‘)# count+=1 #列表 names = [‘a‘,‘b‘,‘c‘,‘d‘] #zeng# names.append(‘e‘)# print(names)## names.insert(2,‘f‘)# names.insert(1,‘g‘)# print(names)## #shan# names.remove(‘f‘)# print(names)## del names[1]# print(names)## names.pop(3)# print(names)### #gai# names[2] = ‘k‘# print(names)## #cha# print(names[-2])# print(names[0::2])# print(names[-3:])## print( names.index(‘s‘) )#first_index = names.index(‘a‘)second_index = names[first_index + 1:].index(‘b‘)print(‘second ‘,second_index+first_index+1) print(‘count‘,names.count(‘b‘))n2 = [‘5‘]names.extend(n2) names.reverse()names.sort() print(names) n3 = names.copy()print(n3) n4= names names.pop() #打印下表和值for i,ele in enumerate(names): print(i,ele)
3.列表
练习题
购物车程序
your salary>>:5000
-------shop list------
1.iphone 5800
2.macbook 12800
3.coffee 30
4.bike 2000
------end-----
>>:1
钱不够
>>:3
added [coffee]into your shopping list,your current balance is 4970
>>:
>>:quit
your balance is 4000
已购买商品
1.coffee 30