Matlab实例学习----数据传递

（1）数据传递

global的实例：

实现GUI中单击按钮文本中的数字增加和减少：

创建GUI，添加静态文本，两个按钮，设置Tag和其他属性：

为按钮添加回调函数：

function varargout = gui_var(varargin)
% GUI_VAR MATLAB code for gui_var.fig
%      GUI_VAR, by itself, creates a new GUI_VAR or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = GUI_VAR returns the handle to a new GUI_VAR or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      GUI_VAR('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in GUI_VAR.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      GUI_VAR('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUI_VAR or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before gui_var_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to gui_var_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help gui_var

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 28-Aug-2014 08:39:26

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @gui_var_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @gui_var_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before gui_var is made visible.
function gui_var_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to gui_var (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for gui_var
handles.output = hObject;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%声明global变量并赋初值
global count;
count=0;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes gui_var wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = gui_var_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;

% --- Executes on button press in add.
function add_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to add (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%必须生命global变量，否则该变量时局部变量
global count;
count=count+1;%次数增加
set(handles.number,'String',num2str(count));%设置文字，num2str将数字转换成字符串
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% --- Executes on button press in minus.
function minus_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to minus (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
global count;
count=count-1;
set(handles.number,'String',num2str(count));
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

运行结果：

使用UserData

UserData可以使用界面中的任何控件的该属性值，但是有n个控件，最多可以使用n个UserData来进行数据传递。

程序：（界面以及Tag和属性跟global相同）

function varargout = gui_var(varargin)
% GUI_VAR MATLAB code for gui_var.fig
%      GUI_VAR, by itself, creates a new GUI_VAR or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = GUI_VAR returns the handle to a new GUI_VAR or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      GUI_VAR('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in GUI_VAR.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      GUI_VAR('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUI_VAR or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before gui_var_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to gui_var_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help gui_var

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 28-Aug-2014 08:39:26

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @gui_var_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @gui_var_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before gui_var is made visible.
function gui_var_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to gui_var (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for gui_var
handles.output = hObject;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%使用控件的UserData来实现变量共享
set(handles.number,'UserData',0);%设置UserData属性值
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes gui_var wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = gui_var_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;

% --- Executes on button press in add.
function add_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to add (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num=get(handles.number,'UserData');%获取UserData属性值
num=num+1;%加一
set(handles.number,'UserData',num);%设置UserData属性值
set(handles.number,'String',num2str(num));%设置文本
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% --- Executes on button press in minus.
function minus_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to minus (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num=get(handles.number,'UserData');
num=num-1;
set(handles.number,'UserData',num);
set(handles.number,'String',num2str(num));
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

结果：

使用AppData

可以设置多个变量，使用setappdata和getappdata来设置或者获取AppData

程序：

function varargout = gui_var(varargin)
% GUI_VAR MATLAB code for gui_var.fig
%      GUI_VAR, by itself, creates a new GUI_VAR or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = GUI_VAR returns the handle to a new GUI_VAR or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      GUI_VAR('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in GUI_VAR.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      GUI_VAR('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUI_VAR or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before gui_var_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to gui_var_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help gui_var

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 28-Aug-2014 08:39:26

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @gui_var_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @gui_var_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before gui_var is made visible.
function gui_var_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to gui_var (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for gui_var
handles.output = hObject;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%使用AppData来实现变量共享
setappdata(handles.figure1,'mycount',0);%设置AppData属性值
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes gui_var wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = gui_var_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;

% --- Executes on button press in add.
function add_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to add (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num=getappdata(handles.figure1,'mycount');%获取AppData属性值
num=num+1;%加一
setappdata(handles.figure1,'mycount',num);%设置AppData属性值
set(handles.number,'String',num2str(num));%设置文本
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% --- Executes on button press in minus.
function minus_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to minus (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num=getappdata(handles.figure1,'mycount');%获取AppData属性值
num=num-1;
setappdata(handles.figure1,'mycount',num);%设置AppData属性值
set(handles.number,'String',num2str(num));%设置文本
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

结果同上。

使用GUI数据，向handles结构体中添加变量。

程序：

function varargout = gui_var(varargin)
% GUI_VAR MATLAB code for gui_var.fig
%      GUI_VAR, by itself, creates a new GUI_VAR or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = GUI_VAR returns the handle to a new GUI_VAR or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      GUI_VAR('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in GUI_VAR.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      GUI_VAR('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUI_VAR or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before gui_var_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to gui_var_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help gui_var

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 28-Aug-2014 08:39:26

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @gui_var_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @gui_var_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before gui_var is made visible.
function gui_var_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to gui_var (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for gui_var
handles.output = hObject;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%使用GUI数据来实现变量共享
handles.mycount=0;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes gui_var wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = gui_var_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;

% --- Executes on button press in add.
function add_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to add (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num=handles.mycount;%获取GUI属性值
num=num+1;%加一
handles.mycount=num;%设置GUI属性值
guidata(hObject, handles);%更新GUI数据
set(handles.number,'String',num2str(num));%设置文本
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% --- Executes on button press in minus.
function minus_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to minus (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
num=handles.mycount;%获取GUI属性值
num=num-1;
handles.mycount=num;%设置GUI属性值
guidata(hObject, handles);%更新GUI数据
set(handles.number,'String',num2str(num));%设置文本
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

结果同上。