数组具有以下属性：
- 数组可以是一维、多维或交错的。
- 当创建了数组实例时，将建立维度数和每个维度的长度。 在实例的生存期内，这些值不能更改。
- 数值数组元素的默认值设置为零，而引用元素的默认值设置为 null。
- 交错数组是数组的数组，因此其元素是引用类型并初始化为 null。
- 数组的索引从零开始：具有 n 个元素的数组的索引是从 0 到 n-1。
- 数组元素可以是任何类型，包括数组类型。
- 数组类型是从抽象基类型 Array派生的引用类型。 由于此类型实现了 IEnumerable 和 IEnumerable<T>，因此可以对 C# 中的所有数组使用foreach 迭代。
下面的示例创建一维、多维和交错数组：
class TestArraysClass
{
static void Main()
{
// Declare a single-dimensional array
int[] array1 = new int[5];
// Declare and set array element values
int[] array2 = new int[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };
// Alternative syntax
int[] array3 = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
// Declare a two dimensional array
int[,] multiDimensionalArray1 = new int[2, 3];
// Declare and set array element values
int[,] multiDimensionalArray2 = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
// Declare a jagged array
int[][] jaggedArray = new int[6][];
// Set the values of the first array in the jagged array structure
jaggedArray[0] = new int[4] { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
}
}
多维数组：
// Two-dimensional array.
int[,] array2D = new int[,] { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 }, { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } };
// The same array with dimensions specified.
int[,] array2Da = new int[4, 2] { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 }, { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } };
// A similar array with string elements.
string[,] array2Db = new string[3, 2] { { "one", "two" }, { "three", "four" },
{ "five", "six" } };
// Three-dimensional array.
int[, ,] array3D = new int[,,] { { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } },
{ { 7, 8, 9 }, { 10, 11, 12 } } };
// The same array with dimensions specified.
int[, ,] array3Da = new int[2, 2, 3] { { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } },
{ { 7, 8, 9 }, { 10, 11, 12 } } };
// Accessing array elements.
System.Console.WriteLine(array2D[0, 0]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array2D[0, 1]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array2D[1, 0]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array2D[1, 1]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array2D[3, 0]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array2Db[1, 0]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array3Da[1, 0, 1]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array3D[1, 1, 2]);
// Getting the total count of elements or the length of a given dimension.
var allLength = array3D.Length;
var total = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < array3D.Rank; i++) {
total *= array3D.GetLength(i);
}
System.Console.WriteLine("{0} equals {1}", allLength, total);
// Output:
// 1
// 2
// 3
// 4
// 7
// three
// 8
// 12
// 12 equals 12
交错数组：
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Declare the array of two elements:
int[][] arr = new int[2][];
// Initialize the elements:
arr[0] = new int[5] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };
arr[1] = new int[4] { 2, 4, 6, 8 };
// Display the array elements:
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
System.Console.Write("Element({0}): ", i);
for (int j = 0; j < arr[i].Length; j++)
{
System.Console.Write("{0}{1}", arr[i][j], j == (arr[i].Length - 1) ? "" : " ");
}
System.Console.WriteLine();
}
// Keep the console window open in debug mode.
System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
System.Console.ReadKey();
Console.ReadKey();
/* Output:
Element(0): 1 3 5 7 9
Element(1): 2 4 6 8
*/
}
};
对数组使用foreach：
int[] numbers = { 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, -2, -1, 0 };
foreach (int i in numbers)
{
System.Console.Write("{0} ", i);
}
// Output: 4 5 6 1 2 3 -2 -1 0
int[,] numbers2D = new int[3, 2] { { 9, 99 }, { 3, 33 }, { 5, 55 } };
// Or use the short form:
// int[,] numbers2D = { { 9, 99 }, { 3, 33 }, { 5, 55 } };
foreach (int i in numbers2D)
{
System.Console.Write("{0} ", i);
}
// Output: 9 99 3 33 5 55
将数组作为参数传递：
在下面的示例中，将初始化一个字符串数组并将其作为参数传递到字符串的 PrintArray 方法。 该方法显示数组的元素。 接下来，调用 ChangeArray和 ChangeArrayElement 方法以演示通过值发送数组参数时不会阻止更改这些数组元素。
class ArrayClass
{
static void PrintArray(string[] arr)
{
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
System.Console.Write(arr[i] + "{0}", i < arr.Length - 1 ? " " : "");
}
System.Console.WriteLine();
}
static void ChangeArray(string[] arr)
{
// The following attempt to reverse the array does not persist when
// the method returns, because arr is a value parameter.
arr = (arr.Reverse()).ToArray();
// The following statement displays Sat as the first element in the array.
System.Console.WriteLine("arr[0] is {0} in ChangeArray.", arr[0]);
}
static void ChangeArrayElements(string[] arr)
{
// The following assignments change the value of individual array
// elements.
arr[0] = "Sat";
arr[1] = "Fri";
arr[2] = "Thu";
// The following statement again displays Sat as the first element
// in the array arr, inside the called method.
System.Console.WriteLine("arr[0] is {0} in ChangeArrayElements.", arr[0]);
}
static void Main()
{
// Declare and initialize an array.
string[] weekDays = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };
// Pass the array as an argument to PrintArray.
PrintArray(weekDays);
// ChangeArray tries to change the array by assigning something new
// to the array in the method.
ChangeArray(weekDays);
// Print the array again, to verify that it has not been changed.
System.Console.WriteLine("Array weekDays after the call to ChangeArray:");
PrintArray(weekDays);
System.Console.WriteLine();
// ChangeArrayElements assigns new values to individual array
// elements.
ChangeArrayElements(weekDays);
// The changes to individual elements persist after the method returns.
// Print the array, to verify that it has been changed.
System.Console.WriteLine("Array weekDays after the call to ChangeArrayElements:");
PrintArray(weekDays);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
// Output:
// Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
// arr[0] is Sat in ChangeArray.
// Array weekDays after the call to ChangeArray:
// Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
//
// arr[0] is Sat in ChangeArrayElements.
// Array weekDays after the call to ChangeArrayElements:
// Sat Fri Thu Wed Thu Fri Sat
class ArrayClass2D
{
static void Print2DArray(int[,] arr)
{
// Display the array elements.
for (int i = 0; i < arr.GetLength(0); i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < arr.GetLength(1); j++)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Element({0},{1})={2}", i, j, arr[i, j]);
}
}
}
static void Main()
{
// Pass the array as an argument.
Print2DArray(new int[,] { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 }, { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } });
// Keep the console window open in debug mode.
System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
System.Console.ReadKey();
}
}
/* Output:
Element(0,0)=1
Element(0,1)=2
Element(1,0)=3
Element(1,1)=4
Element(2,0)=5
Element(2,1)=6
Element(3,0)=7
Element(3,1)=8
*/
在此示例中，在调用方（Main 方法）中声明数组 theArray，并在 FillArray 方法中初始化此数组。 然后，数组元素将返回调用方并显示。
class TestOut
{
static void FillArray(out int[] arr)
{
// Initialize the array:
arr = new int[5] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
}
static void Main()
{
int[] theArray; // Initialization is not required
// Pass the array to the callee using out:
FillArray(out theArray);
// Display the array elements:
System.Console.WriteLine("Array elements are:");
for (int i = 0; i < theArray.Length; i++)
{
System.Console.Write(theArray[i] + " ");
}
// Keep the console window open in debug mode.
System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
System.Console.ReadKey();
}
}
/* Output:
Array elements are:
1 2 3 4 5
*/在此示例中，在调用方（Main 方法）中初始化数组 theArray，并通过使用 ref 参数将其传递给 FillArray 方法。 在 FillArray 方法中更新某些数组元素。 然后，数组元素将返回调用方并显示。
class TestRef
{
static void FillArray(ref int[] arr)
{
// Create the array on demand:
if (arr == null)
{
arr = new int[10];
}
// Fill the array:
arr[0] = 1111;
arr[4] = 5555;
}
static void Main()
{
// Initialize the array:
int[] theArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
// Pass the array using ref:
FillArray(ref theArray);
// Display the updated array:
System.Console.WriteLine("Array elements are:");
for (int i = 0; i < theArray.Length; i++)
{
System.Console.Write(theArray[i] + " ");
}
// Keep the console window open in debug mode.
System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
System.Console.ReadKey();
}
}
/* Output:
Array elements are:
1111 2 3 4 5555
*/
时间： 2024-11-10 15:29:02