Scrapy系列之爬取豆瓣电影

　　每日一练，每日一博。

　　Scrapy，Python开发的一个快速,高层次的屏幕抓取和web抓取框架，用于抓取web站点并从页面中提取结构化的数据。Scrapy用途广泛，可以用于数据挖掘、监测和自动化测试。

1.确定目标网站：豆瓣电影 http://movie.douban.com/top250

2.创建Scrapy项目： scrapy startproject doubanmovie

3.配置settings.py文件

BOT_NAME = ‘doubanmovie‘

SPIDER_MODULES = [‘doubanmovie.spiders‘]
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = ‘doubanmovie.spiders‘

USER_AGENT = ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_3) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.54 Safari/536.5‘

FEED_URI = u‘file:///G:/program/doubanmovie/douban.csv‘  #将抓取的数据存放到douban.csv文件中
FEED_FORMAT = ‘CSV‘

3.定义数据items.py：

from scrapy import Item,Field

class DoubanmovieItem(Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    title = Field()   　　 #标题--电影名
    movieInfo = Field()　　#电影信息
    star = Field()　　　　　#电影评分
    quote = Field()　　　　 #名句

4.创建爬虫doubanspider.py：

import scrapy
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.selector import Selector
from doubanmovie.items import DoubanmovieItem

class Douban(CrawlSpider):
    name = "douban"
    redis_key = ‘douban:start_urls‘
    start_urls = [‘http://movie.douban.com/top250‘]

    url = ‘http://movie.douban.com/top250‘

    def parse(self,response):
        # print response.body
        item = DoubanmovieItem()
        selector = Selector(response)
        Movies = selector.xpath(‘//div[@class="info"]‘)
        for eachMoive in Movies:
            title = eachMoive.xpath(‘div[@class="hd"]/a/span/text()‘).extract()
            fullTitle = ‘‘
            for each in title:
                fullTitle += each
            movieInfo = eachMoive.xpath(‘div[@class="bd"]/p/text()‘).extract()
            star = eachMoive.xpath(‘div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span/em/text()‘).extract()[0]
            quote = eachMoive.xpath(‘div[@class="bd"]/p[@class="quote"]/span/text()‘).extract()
            #quote可能为空，因此需要先进行判断
            if quote:
                quote = quote[0]
            else:
                quote = ‘‘
            item[‘title‘] = fullTitle
            item[‘movieInfo‘] = ‘;‘.join(movieInfo)
            item[‘star‘] = star
            item[‘quote‘] = quote
            yield item
        nextLink = selector.xpath(‘//span[@class="next"]/link/@href‘).extract()
        #第10页是最后一页，没有下一页的链接
        if nextLink:
            nextLink = nextLink[0]
            print nextLink
            yield Request(self.url + nextLink,callback=self.parse)

5.爬取结果：如果出现编码问题，在excel文件中选择“utf-8”的编码保存文件即可