MySQL学习笔记-安装和基本操作
1.安装MySQL
1 # yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel
添加/etc/my.conf配置：
1 vi /etc/my.conf2 [mysqld]3 default-character-set=utf84 character_set_server=utf85 [client]6 default-character-set=utf8
2.启动和停止MySQL服务：
# service mysqld start # service mysqld stop
3.登录和退出MySQL，设置mysql密码，允许远程登录mysql：
1 # mysql -uroot //登录mysql
1 mysql> exit //退出mysql
4.设置mysql密码
mysql>; USE mysql; mysql>; UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD(‘newpassword‘) WHERE user=‘root‘; mysql>; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
设置mysql密码还可以用：mysql_secure_installation 命令
5.允许远程登录
1 mysql -u root -p
Enter Password: <your new password> mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘用户名‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘密码‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;
完成后就能用mysql-front远程管理mysql了。
6.修改MySQL提示符
1 # mysql -uroot -proot --prompt ‘<提示符>’ //在windows中不用‘’
或连接进MySQL后修改:
mysql> prompt <提示符>
5.MySQL提示符：
| \D | 完整的日期 | |
| \d | 当前数据库 | |
| \h | 服务器名称 | |
| \u | 当前用户 | |
例：
1 # mysql -uroot --prompt ‘\[email protected]\h \d‘2 [email protected] (none)
或
mysql> prompt \[email protected]\h \d>PROMPT set to ‘\[email protected]\h \d>‘[email protected] (none)>
6.MySQL常用命令
显示当前服务器版本号：
mysql> SELECT VERSION();+-----------+| VERSION() |+-----------+| 5.1.71 |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
显示当前用户：
mysql> SELECT USER(); +----------------+| USER() |+----------------+| [email protected] |+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
显示当前日期时间：
mysql> SELECT NOW(); +---------------------+| NOW() |+---------------------+| 2016-11-20 21:32:55 |+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
7.MySQL语句规范：
***关键字与函数名称全部大写
***数据库名称，表名称，字段名称全部小写
***SQL语句必须以分号结尾
8.数据库基本操作：
数据库创建：
mysql> CREATE DATABASE test1;
加上 IF NOT EXISTS，若已存在该数据库，会提示警告信息:
mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test1; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
查看警告信息：
mysql> SHOW WARNINGS;+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Level | Code | Message |+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Error | 1064 | You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ‘WARNING‘ at line 1 |+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看数据库列表：
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || test || test1 |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
显示数据库创建的时候使用的指令：
mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE test1;+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+| Database | Create Database |+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+| test1 | CREATE DATABASE `test1` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
创建与配置文件不一样的数据库编码方式（例GBK）：
mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test2 CHARACTER SET gbk; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE test2;+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+| Database | Create Database |+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+| test2 | CREATE DATABASE `test2` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ |+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改数据库编码方式修改：
mysql> ALTER DATABASE test2 CHARACTER SET utf8;
- 或
mysql> ALTER DATABASE test2 CHARACTER SET = utf8;
删除数据库：
mysql> DROP DATABASE test1;
时间： 2024-10-18 20:24:27