在 oracle10g 之前，数据文件是不能跨平台传输使用的，从oracle 10g 开始，oracle支持跨平台表空间传输（transport tablespace）。
数据文件 不能跨平台的原因是：不同平台操作系统的字、字节存储顺序不同
如果将 4567 这个数据存储到不同的系统中，那么就会出现如下的顺序：
little-endian：存储的顺序是7654 ， 小数在前 （windows平台，LINUX平台）
big-endian： 存储的顺序是 4567 ，大数在前 （solaris及aix平台）
本文主要描述采用oracle的 transport tablespace技术，实现不同字节序跨平台迁移。
注意：传输表空间技术不能应用于system表空间或sys用户拥有的对象
源平台（AIX6.1+ oracle 11.2.0.4.0）相关信息如下
SQL> select * from v$version where rownum=1;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> set lines 200
SQL> col platform_name for a30;
SQL> select d.platform_name,endian_format from v$transportable_platform tp,v$database d where tp.platform_name=d.platform_name;
PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
------------------------------ --------------
AIX-Based Systems (64-bit) Big
目的平台（linux5.8 + oracle 11.2.0.4.0）相关信息如下
SQL> select * from v$version where rownum=1;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> select d.platform_name,endian_format from v$transportable_platform tp,v$database d where tp.platform_name=d.platform_name;
PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
------------------------------ --------------
Linux x86 64-bit Little
从上面的输出可以看到字节顺序是不同的， Linux平台是 低位 （Little），aix 平台是高位（Big）
实施如下;
前提条件:
a,在源和目标库构建directory(以sysdba用户)
b,以system用户在源和目标库进行expdp/impdp
c,在源库进行cross os表空间导出时,先须offline(alter tablespace crosstbs read only;)
d,在源库和目标库要构建cross os表空间的对应用户
e,源库和目标库存储dmp文件的目录(directory),可一致也可不一样,这个
目标库和源库上都要构建：
SQL> create directory backup as ‘/home/oracle/backup‘;
1：在AIX上创建表空间 aix_trans ， 然后在该表空间上创建 aix_trans 用户
SQL> create tablespace aix_trans datafile ‘/oradata/CWFOL/datafile/test/aix_trans.dbf‘ size 10m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> create user trans identified by trans default tablespace aix_trans;
User created.
SQL> conn trans/trans;
Connected.
SQL> create table t(id int);
Table created.
SQL> insert into t values(200);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into t values(2001);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select count(*) from t;
COUNT(*)
----------
2
2：将 aix_trans 表空间设置为只读，并导出
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter tablespace aix_trans read only;
Tablespace altered.
$ expdp \‘/ as sysdba\‘ directory=backup dumpfile=aix_trans.dmp transport_tablespaces=aix_trans
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jan 7 15:32:38 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=backup dumpfile=aix_trans.dmp transport_tablespaces=aix_trans
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is:
/home/oracle/backup/aix_trans.dmp
******************************************************************************
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace AIX_TRANS:
/oradata/CWFOL/datafile/test/aix_trans.dbf
Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at Wed Jan 7 15:33:14 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:35
3：使用 rman的 convert 命令进行转换
$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jan 7 15:42:48 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CWFOL (DBID=325303246)
RMAN> convert tablespace aix_trans to platform ‘Linux x86 64-bit‘ format=‘/tmp/aix_trans01.dbf‘;
Starting conversion at source at 07-JAN-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=293 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oradata/CWFOL/datafile/test/aix_trans.dbf
converted datafile=/tmp/axi_trans01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished conversion at source at 07-JAN-15
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JAN-15
piece handle=/backup/oradata/cf_c-325303246-20150107-04 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JAN-15
上传aix_trans.dmp和axi_trans01.dbf到目标库：
在linux库上转换数据文件，将数据文件 axi_trans01.dbf 转换为 aix_trans.dbf
ASMCMD [+DATA/MECBS/DATAFILE] > cp /home/oracle/backup/axi_trans01.dbf +DATA/MECBS/DATAFILE/
copying /home/oracle/backup/axi_trans01.dbf -> +DATA/MECBS/DATAFILE/axi_trans01.dbf
[[email protected] backup]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jan 7 15:49:33 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: MECBS (DBID=1527329870)
RMAN> convert datafile ‘+DATA/MECBS/DATAFILE/axi_trans01.dbf‘ db_file_name_convert ‘+DATA/MECBS/DATAFILE/axi_trans01.dbf‘,‘+DATA/MECBS/DATAFILE/aix_trans.dbf‘;
Starting conversion at target at 07-JAN-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=79 instance=MECBS1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=143 instance=MECBS1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=+DATA/mecbs/datafile/axi_trans01.dbf
converted datafile=+DATA/mecbs/datafile/aix_trans.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
Finished conversion at target at 07-JAN-15
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JAN-15
piece handle=+BACK/backup/db210_incr_20150107/pid-c-1527329870-20150107-08 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-JAN-15
SQL> create user trans identified by trans；
User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to trans;
Grant succeeded.
在linux 平台导入数据
[[email protected] backup]$ impdp \‘ / as sysdba\‘ directory=backup dumpfile=aix_trans.dmp transport_datafiles=+DATA/MECBS/DATAFILE/aix_trans.dbf
Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jan 7 16:05:52 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Source time zone version is 11 and target time zone version is 14.
Starting "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=backup dumpfile=aix_trans.dmp transport_datafiles=+DATA/MECBS/DATAFILE/aix_trans.dbf
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Job "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at Wed Jan 7 16:06:19 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:21
验证：
SQL> set lines 200
SQL> col PLATFORM_NAME for a30;
SQL> select d.platform_name,endian_format from v$transportable_platform tp,v$database d where tp.platform_name=d.platform_name;
PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
------------------------------ --------------
Linux x86 64-bit Little
SQL> SQL>
SQL> conn trans/trans
Connected.
SQL> select * from t;
ID
----------
200
2001
sql> alter tablespace aix_trans read write
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