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Software Architecture Has Ethical Consequences
Michael Nygard
THE ETHiCAl diMEnSion in SoFTWARE is obvious when we are talking about civil rights, identity theft, or malicious software. But it arises in less exotic circumstances. If programs are successful, they affect the lives of thousands or millions of people. That impact can be positive or negative. The program can make their lives better or worse—even if just in minute proportions.
Every time I make a decision about how a program behaves, I am really decid- ing what my users can and cannot do, in ways more inflexible than law. There is no appeals court for required fields or mandatory workflow.
Another way to think about it is in terms of multipliers. Think back to the last major Internet worm, or when a big geek movie came out. No doubt, you heard or read a story about how much productivity this thing would cost the coun- try. You can always find some analyst with an estimate of outrageous damages, blamed on anything that takes people away from their desks. The real moral of this story isn’t about innumeracy in the press, or self-aggrandizing accoun- tants. It’s about multipliers, and the effect they can have.
Suppose you have a decision to make about a particular feature. You can do it the easy way in about a day, or the hard way in about a week. Which way should you do it? Suppose that the easy way makes four new fields required, whereas doing it the hard way makes the program smart enough to handle incomplete data. Which way should you do it?
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??Required fields seem innocuous, but they are always an imposition of your will on users. They force users to gather more information before starting their jobs. This often means they have to keep their data on Post-It notes until they’ve got everything together at the same time, resulting in lost data, delays, and general frustration.
As an analogy, suppose I’m putting up a sign on my building. Is it OK to mount the sign just six feet up on the wall, forcing pedestrians to duck or go around it? It’s easier for me to hang the sign if I don’t need a ladder and scaffold, and the sign wouldn’t even block the sidewalk. I get to save an hour installing the sign, at the expense of taking two seconds away from every pedestrian passing my store. Over the long run, all of those two-second diversions are going to add up to many, many times more than the hour that I saved.
It’s not ethical to worsen the lives of others, even a small bit, just to make things easy for yourself. Successful software affects millions of people. Every decision you make imposes your will on your users. Always be mindful of the impact your decisions have on those people. You should be willing to bear large burdens to ease theirs.