2014-12-23 Created By 鲍新建
一、摘要
RMAN是Oracle提供的恢复和备份工具，是随Oracle服务器软件一同安装的工具软件，它可以用来备份和恢复数据库文件、归档日志和控制文件，用来执行完全或不完全的数据库恢复。
与传统工具相比，RMAN具有独特的优势：跳过未使用的数据块。
当备份一个RMAN备份集时，RMAN不会备份从未被写入的数据块，而传统的方式无法获知那些是未被使用的数据块。
RMAN使用Oracle特有的二进制压缩模式，与传统备份的压缩方式相比，能够最大程度地压缩数据块中的一些典型数据
二、备份 - Backup
Step1. 确认一个新的目录是否够大 - Check new filesystem for backup
[[email protected] backup]$ pwd /data/oracle/odellprod/backup [[email protected] backup]$ df -k /data/oracle/odellprod/backup Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 38352124 18196724 18175792 51% /
Step2. 将数据库odellprod切换成Mount模式 - Mount database odellprod
[[email protected] backup]$ . oraenv ORACLE_SID = [odellprod] ? odellprod The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/odellprod is /opt/oracle [[email protected] backup]$ sqlplus ‘/as sysdba‘ SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Dec 23 01:34:36 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup mount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes Fixed Size 1336960 bytes Variable Size 318769536 bytes Database Buffers 96468992 bytes Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes Database mounted.
Step3. 备份数据库、日志、控制文件和参数文件 - Backup database, archivelogs, controlfiles and spfile with rman
[[email protected] backup]$ export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS‘
[[email protected] backup]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Dec 23 01:38:07 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ODELLPRO (DBID=1328237028, not open)
RMAN> show DEVICE TYPE;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ODELLPROD are:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 6;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 6 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> show DEVICE TYPE;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ODELLPROD are:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 6 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
RMAN> run
{
BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET
INCREMENTAL LEVEL = 0 DATABASE
FORMAT = ‘/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_DF_%U_%T‘ tag ‘database backup‘
PLUS ARCHIVELOG SKIP INACCESSIBLE
FORMAT=‘/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_ARCH_%U_%T‘ tag ‘archive log backup‘;
backup spfile format ‘/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_SPFILE‘ tag ‘spfile backup‘;
backup current controlfile format ‘/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_CONTROLFILE‘ tag ‘control file backup‘;
}2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> 11> 12>
Starting backup at 2014-12-23 01:39:01
Finished backup at 2014-12-23 01:44:46
RMAN> list backup;
RMAN> exit
三、恢复 - Recovery
Step1. 确认Backup目录是否有效 - Make sure filesystem with backups is mounted
[oracle@odellprod backup]$ df -k /data/oracle/odellprod/backup Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 38352124 19588744 16783772 54% / [oracle@odellprod backup]$ ls -ltr /data/oracle/odellprod/backup total 1391716 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 169477120 Dec 23 01:42 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0apqrkto_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 160933376 Dec 23 01:42 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0fpqrktq_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 179330048 Dec 23 01:42 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0bpqrkto_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 190604800 Dec 23 01:42 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0cpqrktp_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 195282944 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0dpqrktp_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 195831296 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_ARCH_0epqrktp_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1441792 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_DF_0hpqrl5i_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3637248 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_DF_0kpqrl5l_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_DF_0mpqrl66_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1114112 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_DF_0lpqrl5m_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 22978560 Dec 23 01:43 ODELLPROD_DF_0jpqrl5j_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 93609984 Dec 23 01:44 ODELLPROD_DF_0ipqrl5i_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 199303168 Dec 23 01:44 ODELLPROD_DF_0gpqrl5h_1_1_20141223 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 Dec 23 01:44 ODELLPROD_SPFILE -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9895936 Dec 23 01:44 ODELLPROD_CONTROLFILE
Step2. 从备份中恢复参数文件 - Restore spfile from backups
[oracle@odellprod dbs]$ . oraenv ORACLE_SID = [odellprod] ? odellprod The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/odellprod is /opt/oracle [oracle@odellprod dbs]$ export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS‘ [oracle@odellprod dbs]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Dec 23 01:57:55 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database (not started) RMAN> startup nomount Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes Fixed Size 1336960 bytes Variable Size 318769536 bytes Database Buffers 96468992 bytes Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes RMAN> restore spfile to ‘$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileodellprod.ora‘ from ‘/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_SPFILE‘; RMAN> shutdown immediate Oracle instance shut down
Step3. 从备份中恢复控制文件 - Restore controlfiles from backups and mount database
RMAN> startup nomount connected to target database (not started) startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file ‘/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/odellprod/dbs/initodellprod.ora‘ starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 159019008 bytes Fixed Size 1335192 bytes Variable Size 75497576 bytes Database Buffers 79691776 bytes Redo Buffers 2494464 bytes RMAN> restore controlfile from ‘/data/oracle/odellprod/backup/ODELLPROD_CONTROLFILE‘; Starting restore at 2014-12-23 02:03:52 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 output file name=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/odellprod/dbs/cntrlodellprod.dbf Finished restore at 2014-12-23 02:03:53 RMAN> alter database mount; database mounted released channel: ORA_DISK_1
Step4. 从备份中恢复数据文件 - Restore database from backups
RMAN> restore database; Starting restore at 2014-12-23 02:04:35 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=19 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3 channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=21 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4 channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=22 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_5 channel ORA_DISK_5: SID=23 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_6 channel ORA_DISK_6: SID=24 device type=DISK skipping datafile 1; already restored to file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/system01.dbf skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/sysaux01.dbf skipping datafile 3; already restored to file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/undotbs01.dbf skipping datafile 4; already restored to file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/users01.dbf skipping datafile 5; already restored to file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/example01.dbf restore not done; all files read only, offline, or already restored Finished restore at 2014-12-23 02:04:37
Step5. 还原数据库 - Recover database
RMAN> recover database; Starting recover at 2014-12-23 02:05:15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 using channel ORA_DISK_3 using channel ORA_DISK_4 using channel ORA_DISK_5 using channel ORA_DISK_6 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 103 is already on disk as file /opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/redo01.log archived log file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/odellprod/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=103 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 Finished recover at 2014-12-23 02:05:16
Step6. 打开数据 - Open database
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; database opened
时间： 2024-10-12 11:48:48