Grand Central Dispatch (GCD)是Apple开发的一个多核编程的解决方法。
dispatch queue分成以下三种:
1)运行在主线程的Main queue,通过dispatch_get_main_queue获取。
Java代码
- /*!
- * @function dispatch_get_main_queue
- *
- * @abstract
- * Returns the default queue that is bound to the main thread.
- *
- * @discussion
- * In order to invoke blocks submitted to the main queue, the application must
- * call dispatch_main(), NSApplicationMain(), or use a CFRunLoop on the main
- * thread.
- *
- * @result
- * Returns the main queue. This queue is created automatically on behalf of
- * the main thread before main() is called.
- */
- __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6,__IPHONE_4_0)
- DISPATCH_EXPORT struct dispatch_queue_s _dispatch_main_q;
- #define dispatch_get_main_queue() \
- DISPATCH_GLOBAL_OBJECT(dispatch_queue_t, _dispatch_main_q)
/*! * @function dispatch_get_main_queue * * @abstract * Returns the default queue that is bound to the main thread. * * @discussion * In order to invoke blocks submitted to the main queue, the application must * call dispatch_main(), NSApplicationMain(), or use a CFRunLoop on the main * thread. * * @result * Returns the main queue. This queue is created automatically on behalf of * the main thread before main() is called. */ __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6,__IPHONE_4_0) DISPATCH_EXPORT struct dispatch_queue_s _dispatch_main_q; #define dispatch_get_main_queue() DISPATCH_GLOBAL_OBJECT(dispatch_queue_t, _dispatch_main_q)
可以看出,dispatch_get_main_queue也是一种dispatch_queue_t。
2)并行队列global dispatch queue,通过dispatch_get_global_queue获取,由系统创建三个不同优先级的dispatch queue。并行队列的执行顺序与其加入队列的顺序相同。
3)串行队列serial queues一般用于按顺序同步访问,可创建任意数量的串行队列,各个串行队列之间是并发的。
当想要任务按照某一个特定的顺序执行时,串行队列是很有用的。串行队列在同一个时间只执行一个任务。我们可以使用串行队列代替锁去保护共享的数据。和锁不同,一个串行队列可以保证任务在一个可预知的顺序下执行。
serial queues通过dispatch_queue_create创建,可以使用函数dispatch_retain和dispatch_release去增加或者减少引用计数。
GCD的用法:
Java代码
- // 后台执行:
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
- // something
- });
- // 主线程执行:
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
- // something
- });
- // 一次性执行:
- static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
- dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
- // code to be executed once
- });
- // 延迟2秒执行:
- double delayInSeconds = 2.0;
- dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC);
- dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){
- // code to be executed on the main queue after delay
- });
- // 自定义dispatch_queue_t
- dispatch_queue_t urls_queue = dispatch_queue_create("blog.devtang.com", NULL);
- dispatch_async(urls_queue, ^{
- // your code
- });
- dispatch_release(urls_queue);
- // 合并汇总结果
- dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
- dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{
- // 并行执行的线程一
- });
- dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{
- // 并行执行的线程二
- });
- dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{
- // 汇总结果
- });
// 后台执行: dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{ // something }); // 主线程执行: dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ // something }); // 一次性执行: static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ // code to be executed once }); // 延迟2秒执行: double delayInSeconds = 2.0; dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC); dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){ // code to be executed on the main queue after delay }); // 自定义dispatch_queue_t dispatch_queue_t urls_queue = dispatch_queue_create("blog.devtang.com", NULL); dispatch_async(urls_queue, ^{ // your code }); dispatch_release(urls_queue); // 合并汇总结果 dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create(); dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ // 并行执行的线程一 }); dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ // 并行执行的线程二 }); dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ // 汇总结果 });
一个应用GCD的例子:
Java代码
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
- NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];
- NSError * error;
- NSString * data = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
- if (data != nil) {
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
- NSLog(@"call back, the data is: %@", data);
- });
- } else {
- NSLog(@"error when download:%@", error);
- }
- });
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{ NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"]; NSError * error; NSString * data = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error]; if (data != nil) { dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ NSLog(@"call back, the data is: %@", data); }); } else { NSLog(@"error when download:%@", error); } });
GCD的另一个用处是可以让程序在后台较长久的运行。
在没有使用GCD时,当app被按home键退出后,app仅有最多5秒钟的时候做一些保存或清理资源的工作。但是在使用GCD后,app最多有10分钟的时间在后台长久运行。这个时间可以用来做清理本地缓存,发送统计数据等工作。
让程序在后台长久运行的示例代码如下:
Java代码
- // AppDelegate.h文件
- @property (assign, nonatomic) UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier backgroundUpdateTask;
- // AppDelegate.m文件
- - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application
- {
- [self beingBackgroundUpdateTask];
- // 在这里加上你需要长久运行的代码
- [self endBackgroundUpdateTask];
- }
- - (void)beingBackgroundUpdateTask
- {
- self.backgroundUpdateTask = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:^{
- [self endBackgroundUpdateTask];
- }];
- }
- - (void)endBackgroundUpdateTask
- {
- [[UIApplication sharedApplication] endBackgroundTask: self.backgroundUpdateTask];
- self.backgroundUpdateTask = UIBackgroundTaskInvalid;
- }
时间: 2024-10-10 13:27:04