Hive创建表时报错，Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes

报错信息如下：

FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask. MetaException(message:javax.jdo.JDODataStoreException: An exception was thrown while adding/validating class(es) : Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor28.newInstance(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:386)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1054)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:4120)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:4052)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2503)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2664)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2809)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2758)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.execute(StatementImpl.java:894)
        at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.execute(StatementImpl.java:732)
        at com.jolbox.bonecp.StatementHandle.execute(StatementHandle.java:254)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.executeDdlStatement(AbstractTable.java:760)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.executeDdlStatementList(AbstractTable.java:711)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.create(AbstractTable.java:425)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.exists(AbstractTable.java:488)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager$ClassAdder.performTablesValidation(RDBMSStoreManager.java:3380)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager$ClassAdder.addClassTablesAndValidate(RDBMSStoreManager.java:3190)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager$ClassAdder.run(RDBMSStoreManager.java:2841)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.AbstractSchemaTransaction.execute(AbstractSchemaTransaction.java:122)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager.addClasses(RDBMSStoreManager.java:1605)
        at org.datanucleus.store.AbstractStoreManager.addClass(AbstractStoreManager.java:954)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager.getDatastoreClass(RDBMSStoreManager.java:679)
        at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager.getPropertiesForGenerator(RDBMSStoreManager.java:2045)
        at org.datanucleus.store.AbstractStoreManager.getStrategyValue(AbstractStoreManager.java:1365)
        at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextImpl.newObjectId(ExecutionContextImpl.java:3827)
        at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.setIdentity(JDOStateManager.java:2571)
        at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.initialiseForPersistentNew(JDOStateManager.java:513)
        at org.datanucleus.state.ObjectProviderFactoryImpl.newForPersistentNew(ObjectProviderFactoryImpl.java:232)
        at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextImpl.newObjectProviderForPersistentNew(ExecutionContextImpl.java:1414)
        at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextImpl.persistObjectInternal(ExecutionContextImpl.java:2218)
        at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextImpl.persistObjectWork(ExecutionContextImpl.java:2065)
        at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextImpl.persistObject(ExecutionContextImpl.java:1913)
        at org.datanucleus.ExecutionContextThreadedImpl.persistObject(ExecutionContextThreadedImpl.java:217)
        at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.jdoMakePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:727)
        at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.makePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:752)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.createTable(ObjectStore.java:814)
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor32.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.invoke(RawStoreProxy.java:114)
        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0.createTable(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.create_table_core(HiveMetaStore.java:1416)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.create_table_with_environment_context(HiveMetaStore.java:1449)

解决的办法是以root用户运行mysql。

然后输入：

alter database hive character set latin1;

不要再/etc/my.cf中修改，在那里修改不生效的。