Apache CXF 102 CXF with REST

前言

续上篇Apache CXF 101，摘抄部分REST概念性知识，以运行实例考察CXF对REST的支持。

目录

1 REST简介

2 工具

3 运行实例

内容

本Spike记录中内容，如无特别指出，均引用[1]。

1 REST简介

有两种实现Web Service的主要方式：SOAP(Simple Object Access
Protocl)和REST架构风格(Representational State Transfer architecture style)。

用REST架构风格构建的服务(RESTful服务)，用简单的XML等形式封装数据、通过HTTP传输数据。

与基于SOAP的服务开发方法相比，施加于服务开发者的技术负担更小，特别是服务只需发送和接收简单的XML消息时。

REST架构风格是关于资源的，资源是用URI(Uniform Resource
Indicator)标识的表示(representation)。
资源可以是任意信息，例如Book、Order等。客户通过交换资源的表示来查询或更新URI标识的资源。

表示中包含以具体格式记录的实际信息，常见的格式有HTML/XML/JSON。客户通常可以指定它/他/她需要的表示。所有处理特定资源上的信息均包含于请求自身，使得交互是无状态的。

用REST架构风格原则构建的Web服务称为RESTful Web服务。RESTful Web服务可视为可通过URI标识的资源。RESTful
Web服务用标准的HTTP方法(GET/POST…)暴露操作的集合。客户使用HTTP协议通过URI访问/调用这些方法。

RESTful Service URI
example
http://cxf.spike.com/department/deptname/employee
GET 返回部门中雇员列表
POST 创建部门中雇员记录
DELETE 删除部门中雇员记录

JSR
support
JAX-RS[2]
JAS-RS定义这些目标：
? POJO为中心
JAX-RS
API提供了一组注解和相关的类/接口，将POJO暴露为RESTful资源。
? HTTP为中心
RESTful资源通过HTTP协议暴露，该规范提供了清晰的HTTP协议与相关的JAX-RS
API中类、方法之间的映射。同时提供了如何匹配HTTP请求到资源类和方法的指南。
? 格式独立
该API提供了一种可插拔机制，该机制允许以标准的方式添加HTTP内容类型。
? 容器独立
用JAX-RS开发的应用应该可以运行于任意容器中。该规范定义了如何用JAX-RS
API部署应用的标准机制。
? Java企业版容器包含
该规范定义了RESTful资源如何宿于Java
EE6容器和如何利用容器提供的功能。

JAX-RS的实现[3]
Apache
CXF开源的Web服务框架。
Jersey由Sun提供的JAX-RS的参考实现。
RESTEasy JBoss的实现。
Restlet由Jerome
Louvel和Dave Pawson开发，是最早的REST框架，先于JAX-RS出现。
Apache
Wink一个Apache软件基金会孵化器中的项目，其服务模块实现JAX-RS规范

2 工具

Firefox插件：Poster(https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/poster/)

安装后工具位置

工具面板

用数据测试

结果呈现

3 运行实例

Book Shop Application
Functionality：
(1) Category CRUD
(2) Add Books
to a Category
(3) Getting Books belongs to a Category

[1]中指出了(CXF) RESTful服务开发实践步骤

(1) 创建Request/Response的Java数据对象

(2) 绑定Request/Response对象

(3) 创建RESTful实现：创建实现类并用JAX-RS注解

(4) 服务单元测试

(5) 创建客户端，调用服务方法

(6) 将服务部署于容器中

(1) 创建Request/Response的Java数据对象

(2) 绑定Request/Response对象

两个JAXB绑定的pojo，JAXB是CXF默认的绑定方式

Book

package demo.restful.pojo;


import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;


/**

 * Description: Book<br/>

 * Date: 2014-5-12 下午10:54:16

 */

@XmlRootElement(name = "Book")

public class Book {

    private String bookId;

    private String bookISBNnumber;

    private String bookName;

    private String author;//one author only


public String getBookId() {

        return bookId;

    }


public void setBookId(String bookId) {

        this.bookId = bookId;

    }


public String getBookISBNnumber() {

        return bookISBNnumber;

    }


public void setBookISBNnumber(String bookISBNnumber) {

        this.bookISBNnumber = bookISBNnumber;

    }


public String getBookName() {

        return bookName;

    }


public void setBookName(String bookName) {

        this.bookName = bookName;

    }


public String getAuthor() {

        return author;

    }


public void setAuthor(String author) {

        this.author = author;

    }


@Override

    public String toString() {

        return "Book [bookId=" + bookId + ", bookISBNnumber=" + bookISBNnumber + ", bookName=" + bookName + ", author=" + author + "]";

    }


}

Category

package demo.restful.pojo;


import java.util.List;


import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;


/**

 * Description: Category<br/>

 * Date: 2014-5-12 下午10:53:52

 */

@XmlRootElement(name = "Category")

public class Category {

    private String categoryId;

    private String categoryName;

    private List<Book> books;


public String getCategoryId() {

        return categoryId;

    }


public void setCategoryId(String categoryId) {

        this.categoryId = categoryId;

    }


public String getCategoryName() {

        return categoryName;

    }


public void setCategoryName(String categoryName) {

        this.categoryName = categoryName;

    }


public List<Book> getBooks() {

        return books;

    }


public void setBooks(List<Book> books) {

        this.books = books;

    }


@Override

    public String toString() {

        return "Category [categoryId=" + categoryId + ", categoryName=" + categoryName + ", books=" + books + "]";

    }


}

(3) 创建RESTful实现：创建实现类并用JAX-RS注解

CategoryService接口

package demo.restful.service;


import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;


import demo.restful.pojo.Category;


/**

 * Description: Category Service Interface With Exception Handling<br/>

 * Date: 2014-5-12 下午11:12:02

 */

public interface CategoryService {


public Category getCategory(String id);


public Response addCategory(Category category);


public Response deleteCategory(String id);


public Response updateCategory(Category category);


public Response addBooks(Category category);


public Response getBooks(String id);

}

CategoryService实现类

package demo.restful.service;


import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;

import javax.ws.rs.DELETE;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;

import javax.ws.rs.POST;

import javax.ws.rs.PUT;

import javax.ws.rs.Path;

import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;

import javax.ws.rs.Produces;

import javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException;

import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;

import javax.ws.rs.core.Response.ResponseBuilder;

import javax.ws.rs.core.Response.Status;


import demo.restful.data.CategoryDAO;

import demo.restful.pojo.Category;


/**

 * Description: Category Service Implementation With Exception Handling<br/>

 * Date: 2014-5-12 下午11:12:02

 */

@Path("/categoryservice")

@Produces({ "application/xml", "application/json" })

public class CategoryServiceImpl implements CategoryService {

    private CategoryDAO categoryDAO;//wired


public CategoryDAO getCategoryDAO() {

        return categoryDAO;

    }


public void setCategoryDAO(CategoryDAO categoryDAO) {

        this.categoryDAO = categoryDAO;

    }


@GET

    @Path("/category/{id}")

    public Category getCategory(@PathParam("id") String id) {

        System.out.println("getCategory called with category id: " + id);

        Category cat = (Category) getCategoryDAO().getCategory(id);

        if (cat == null) {

            ResponseBuilder builder = Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST);

            builder.type("application/xml");

            builder.entity("<error>Category Not Found</error>");

            throw new WebApplicationException(builder.build());

        } else {

            return cat;

        }

    }


@POST

    @Path("/category")

    @Consumes({ "application/xml", "application/json" })

    public Response addCategory(Category category) {

        System.out.println("addCategory called");

        Category cat = (Category) getCategoryDAO().getCategory(category.getCategoryId());

        if (cat != null) {

            return Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST).build();

        } else {

            getCategoryDAO().addCategory(category);

            return Response.ok(category).build();

        }

    }


@DELETE

    @Path("/category/{id}")

    public Response deleteCategory(@PathParam("id") String id) {

        System.out.println("deleteCategory with category id : " + id);

        Category cat = (Category) getCategoryDAO().getCategory(id);

        if (cat == null) {

            return Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST).build();

        } else {

            getCategoryDAO().deleteCategory(id);

            return Response.ok().build();

        }

    }


@PUT

    @Path("/category")

    public Response updateCategory(Category category) {

        System.out.println("updateCategory with category id : " + category.getCategoryId());

        Category cat = (Category) getCategoryDAO().getCategory(category.getCategoryId());

        if (cat == null) {

            return Response.status(Status.BAD_REQUEST).build();

        } else {

            getCategoryDAO().updateCategory(category);

            return Response.ok(category).build();

        }

    }


@POST

    @Path("/category/book")

    @Consumes({ "application/xml", "application/json" })

    public Response addBooks(Category category) {

        System.out.println("addBooks with category id : " + category.getCategoryId());

        Category cat = (Category) getCategoryDAO().getCategory(category.getCategoryId());

        if (cat == null) {

            return Response.status(Status.NOT_FOUND).build();

        } else {

            getCategoryDAO().addBook(category);

            return Response.ok(category).build();

        }

    }


@GET

    @Path("/category/{id}/books")

    @Consumes({ "application/xml", "application/json" })

    public Response getBooks(@PathParam("id") String id) {

        System.out.println("getBooks called with category id : " + id);

        Category cat = (Category) getCategoryDAO().getCategory(id);

        if (cat == null) {

            return Response.status(Status.NOT_FOUND).build();

        } else {

            cat.setBooks(getCategoryDAO().getBooks(id));

            return Response.ok(cat).build();

        }

    }

}

View
Code

以内存中Map实现的DAO：服务支持类CategoryDAO

package demo.restful.data;


import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;


import demo.restful.pojo.Book;

import demo.restful.pojo.Category;


/**

 * Description: Category DAO Stub Implementation<br/>

 * Date: 2014-5-12 下午11:22:17

 */

public class CategoryDAO {

    //category-id : category

    private static Map<String, Category> categoryMap = new HashMap<String, Category>();

    //category-id : books

    private static Map<String, List<Book>> bookMap = new HashMap<String, List<Book>>();

    static {

        //Populate some static data

        Category category1 = new Category();

        category1.setCategoryId("001");

        category1.setCategoryName("Java");

        categoryMap.put(category1.getCategoryId(), category1);

        Book book1 = new Book();

        book1.setAuthor("Naveen Balani");

        book1.setBookName("Spring Series");

        book1.setBookId("001");

        book1.setBookISBNnumber("ISB001");

        Book book2 = new Book();

        book2.setAuthor("Rajeev Hathi");

        book2.setBookName("CXF Series");

        book2.setBookId("002");

        book2.setBookISBNnumber("ISB002");

        List<Book> booksList = new ArrayList<Book>();

        booksList.add(book1);

        booksList.add(book2);

        bookMap.put(category1.getCategoryId(), booksList);

    }


public void addCategory(Category category) {

        categoryMap.put(category.getCategoryId(), category);

    }


//Add Books associated with the Category

    public void addBook(Category category) {

        bookMap.put(category.getCategoryId(), category.getBooks());

    }


public List<Book> getBooks(String categoryId) {

        return bookMap.get(categoryId);

    }


public Category getCategory(String id) {

        Category cat = null;

        //Dummy implementation to return a new copy of category to

        //avoid getting overridden by service

        if (categoryMap.get(id) != null) {

            cat = new Category();

            cat.setCategoryId(categoryMap.get(id).getCategoryId());

            cat.setCategoryName(categoryMap.get(id).getCategoryName());

        }

        return cat;

    }


public void deleteCategory(String id) {

        categoryMap.remove(id);

        // Remove association of books

        bookMap.remove(id);

    }


public void updateCategory(Category category) {

        categoryMap.put(category.getCategoryId(), category);

    }

}

(4) 服务单元测试

因服务有灵活的部署方式，部署在Servlet容器中上一篇记录中已经有所说明，另一种方式是以常规应用程序直接运行在JVM中。

Server实现

Spring配置文件restapp.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


<bean id="categoryService" class="demo.restful.service.CategoryServiceImpl">

        <property name="categoryDAO">

            <ref bean="categoryDAO" />

        </property>

    </bean>


<bean id="categoryDAO" class="demo.restful.data.CategoryDAO">


</bean>


</beans>

常量类

package demo.restful;


/**

 * Description: 常量类<br/>

 * Date: 2014-5-12 下午11:41:09

 */

public class Constants {

    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://localhost:9000/";

}

Server

package demo.restful.server;


import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;


import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.JAXRSServerFactoryBean;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;


import demo.restful.Constants;

import demo.restful.pojo.Book;

import demo.restful.pojo.Category;

import demo.restful.service.CategoryService;

import demo.restful.service.CategoryServiceImpl;


/**

 * Description: Server<br/>

 * Date: 2014-5-12 下午11:37:09

 */

public class Server {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "/demo/restful/restapp.xml" });

        CategoryService categoryService = (CategoryServiceImpl) appContext.getBean("categoryService");


// Service instance

        JAXRSServerFactoryBean restServer = new JAXRSServerFactoryBean();

        restServer.setResourceClasses(Category.class, Book.class);

        restServer.setServiceBean(categoryService);

        restServer.setAddress(Constants.SERVICE_URL);

        restServer.create();


BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        try {

            br.readLine();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        System.out.println("Server Stopped");

        System.exit(0);

    }

}

这样自然的，单元测试就有两种方法：部署在Servlet容器中的服务以浏览器/Poster测试，以常规应用程序部署的服务则可以编写JUnit单元测试。

Poster测试

这里用到的Poster的两个主要设置：

"Content to Send"label中将"Content
Type"设置为application/xml(或application/json，视准备数据而定)

"Header"label中添加Name: Accept, Value: application/xml(或application/json)

新增Category

更新Category

JUnit单元测试

HTTPClient - 简单的服务客户端示例

package demo.restful.client;


import java.util.Iterator;


import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.WebClient;


import demo.restful.pojo.Book;

import demo.restful.pojo.Category;


/**

 * Description: HTTP Client<br/>

 * Date: 2014-5-12 下午11:57:41

 */

public class HTTPClient {


public static void main(String[] args) {

        WebClient client = WebClient.create("http://localhost:9000/");

        Category category = client.path("categoryservice/category/001").accept("application/xml").get(Category.class);

        System.out.println("Category details from REST service.");

        System.out.println("Category Name " + category.getCategoryName());

        System.out.println("Category Id " + category.getCategoryId());

        System.out.println("Book details for Category " + category.getCategoryId() + " from REST service");

        String bookString = "categoryservice/category/" + category.getCategoryId() + "/books";

        WebClient clientBook = WebClient.create("http://localhost:9000/");

        Category categoryBooks = clientBook.path(bookString).accept("application/xml").get(Category.class);

        Iterator<Book> iterator = categoryBooks.getBooks().iterator();

        while (iterator.hasNext()) {

            Book book = iterator.next();

            System.out.println("Book Name " + book.getBookName());

            System.out.println("Book ISBN " + book.getBookISBNnumber());

            System.out.println("Book ID " + book.getBookId());

            System.out.println("Book Author " + book.getAuthor());

        }

    }


}

RESTCategoryService，测试媒体类型application/xml，为直观显示执行结果，未使用JUnit断言。

package demo.restful.client;


import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.UUID;


import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;


import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.WebClient;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.BeforeClass;

import org.junit.Test;

import demo.restful.pojo.Book;

import demo.restful.pojo.Category;


/**

 * Description: RESTCategoryService in Servlet Container Unit test<br/>

 * Date: 2014-5-13 下午9:41:27

 */

public class RESTCategoryServiceTest {

    private WebClient client = null;

    private static final String FORMAT = "application/xml";

    private static String id = null;


@BeforeClass

    public static void setUpBeforClass() {

        id = newId();

    }


@Before

    public void setUp() {

        client = WebClient.create("http://localhost:8082/CXF/");

    }


@Test

    public void getCategory() {

        System.out.println("======================getCategory");

        Category category = client.path("categoryservice/category/001").accept(FORMAT).get(Category.class);

        System.out.println(category);

        System.out.println("======================getCategory");


}


@Test

    public void addCategory() {

        System.out.println("======================addCategory");

        Category category = new Category();

        category.setCategoryId(id);

        category.setCategoryName(".NET");

        System.out.println("Add " + category + "...");

        Category response = client.path("categoryservice/category").accept(FORMAT).type(FORMAT).post(category, Category.class);

        System.out.println(response);

        //test using query

        System.out.println("Get category " + id + "...");

        client = WebClient.create("http://localhost:8082/CXF/");//new WebClient!!!

        System.out.println(client.path("categoryservice/category/" + id).accept(FORMAT).get(Category.class));

        System.out.println("======================addCategory");

    }


@Test

    public void updateCategory() {

        System.out.println("======================updateCategory");

        Category category = new Category();

        category.setCategoryId(id);

        category.setCategoryName("Microsoft .NET");

        Response response = client.path("categoryservice/category").put(category);

        System.out.println(response.getStatus());

        System.out.println(response.getEntity());

        System.out.println("======================updateCategory");


}


@Test

    public void addBooks() {

        System.out.println("======================addBooks");

        client.path("/categoryservice/category/book").type(FORMAT).accept(FORMAT);

        Category cat = new Category();

        cat.setCategoryId(id);

        cat.setCategoryName("Fiction Series");

        Book book1 = new Book();

        book1.setAuthor("Naveen Balani");

        book1.setBookId("NB001");

        book1.setBookISBNnumber("ISBNB001");

        book1.setBookName("Fiction Book1");

        List<Book> booksList = new ArrayList<Book>();

        booksList.add(book1);

        cat.setBooks(booksList);

        Category response = client.post(cat, Category.class);

        System.out.println(response);

        System.out.println("======================addBooks");

    }


@Test

    public void getBooks() {

        System.out.println("======================getBooks");

        Category category = client.path("/categoryservice/category/" + id + "/books").accept(FORMAT).get(Category.class);

        System.out.println("Book details retreived from service with format " + FORMAT);

        List<Book> books = category.getBooks();

        for (Book book : books) {

            System.out.println("Book Name " + book.getBookName());

            System.out.println("Book ISBN " + book.getBookISBNnumber());

            System.out.println("Book ID " + book.getBookId());

            System.out.println("Book Author " + book.getAuthor());

        }

        System.out.println("======================getBooks");

    }


@Test

    public void deleteCategory() {

        System.out.println("======================deleteCategory");

        Response response = client.path("categoryservice/category/" + id).delete();

        System.out.println(response.getStatus());

        System.out.println("======================deleteCategory");

    }


private static String newId() {

        return UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("\\-", "").toUpperCase();

    }

}

JSONRESTCategoryServiceTest，与RESTCategoryService基本相同，唯一的区别在于媒体类型为application/json

package demo.restful.client;


import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.UUID;


import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;


import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.WebClient;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.BeforeClass;

import org.junit.Test;

import demo.restful.pojo.Book;

import demo.restful.pojo.Category;


/**

 * Description: JSONRESTCategoryService in Servlet Container Unit test<br/>

 * Date: 2014-5-13 下午9:41:27

 */

public class JSONRESTCategoryServiceTest {

    private WebClient client = null;

    private static final String FORMAT = "application/json";

    private static String id = null;


@BeforeClass

    public static void setUpBeforClass() {

        id = newId();

    }


@Before

    public void setUp() {

        client = WebClient.create("http://localhost:8082/CXF/");

    }


@Test

    public void getCategory() {

        System.out.println("======================getCategory");

        Category category = client.path("categoryservice/category/001").accept(FORMAT).get(Category.class);

        System.out.println(category);

        System.out.println("======================getCategory");


}


@Test

    public void addCategory() {

        System.out.println("======================addCategory");

        Category category = new Category();

        category.setCategoryId(id);

        category.setCategoryName(".NET");

        System.out.println("Add " + category + "...");

        Category response = client.path("categoryservice/category").accept(FORMAT).type(FORMAT).post(category, Category.class);

        System.out.println(response);

        //test using query

        System.out.println("Get category " + id + "...");

        client = WebClient.create("http://localhost:8082/CXF/");//new WebClient!!!

        System.out.println(client.path("categoryservice/category/" + id).accept(FORMAT).get(Category.class));

        System.out.println("======================addCategory");

    }


@Test

    public void updateCategory() {

        System.out.println("======================updateCategory");

        Category category = new Category();

        category.setCategoryId(id);

        category.setCategoryName("Microsoft .NET");

        Response response = client.path("categoryservice/category").put(category);

        System.out.println(response.getStatus());

        System.out.println(response.getEntity());

        System.out.println("======================updateCategory");

    }


@Test

    public void addBooks() {

        System.out.println("======================addBooks");

        client.path("/categoryservice/category/book").type(FORMAT).accept(FORMAT);

        Category cat = new Category();

        cat.setCategoryId(id);

        cat.setCategoryName("Fiction Series");

        Book book1 = new Book();

        book1.setAuthor("Naveen Balani");

        book1.setBookId("NB001");

        book1.setBookISBNnumber("ISBNB001");

        book1.setBookName("Fiction Book1");

        List<Book> booksList = new ArrayList<Book>();

        booksList.add(book1);

        cat.setBooks(booksList);

        Category response = client.post(cat, Category.class);

        System.out.println(response);

        System.out.println("======================addBooks");

    }


@Test

    public void getBooks() {

        System.out.println("======================getBooks");

        Category category = client.path("/categoryservice/category/" + id + "/books").accept(FORMAT).get(Category.class);

        System.out.println("Book details retreived from service with format " + FORMAT);

        List<Book> books = category.getBooks();

        for (Book book : books) {

            System.out.println("Book Name " + book.getBookName());

            System.out.println("Book ISBN " + book.getBookISBNnumber());

            System.out.println("Book ID " + book.getBookId());

            System.out.println("Book Author " + book.getAuthor());

        }

        System.out.println("======================getBooks");

    }


@Test

    public void deleteCategory() {

        System.out.println("======================deleteCategory");

        Response response = client.path("categoryservice/category/" + id).delete();

        System.out.println(response.getStatus());

        System.out.println("======================deleteCategory");

    }


private static String newId() {

        return UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("\\-", "").toUpperCase();

    }

}

(5) 创建客户端，调用服务方法

见HTTPClient示例。

(6) 将服务部署于容器中

上一篇记录中已经有所说明。

参考资料

[1]Balani N., Hathi R..Apache CXF web service development Develop and
deploy SOAP and RESTful web service[M]. Birmingham: Packet Publishing.
2009.
[2]JSR311: JAX-RS: The JavaTM API for RESTful Web
Services[EB/OL]. https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=311.
2014-05-12.
[3]JAX-RS. Wiki.
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAX-RS. 2014-05-12.

时间： 2024-10-01 07:13:41

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