环境：RHEL6.6
软件：postfix-3.0.0 bind-9.8.2-0.30 mysql-5.5.42 dovecot-2.0.9-7
软件源：本地源，epel源，remi源
邮件服务器IP：192.168.1.110
主机名为mail.mingxiao.info
客户端 IP 192.168.1.77 WinXP,Outlook Express收发邮件
请确保selinux处于permissive状态，防火墙处于关闭状态。
添加几个测试用户，为了测试方便，密码和用户名相同
[[email protected] ~]# useradd jianpan
[[email protected] ~]# passwd jianpan
[[email protected] ~]# useradd shubiao
[[email protected] ~]# passwd shubiao
步骤1：配置DNS
[[email protected] ~]# yum install bind bind-utils
编辑/etc/named.conf，将options内去掉 listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };这两项，如下：
options {
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { localhost; };
recursion yes;
......
编辑/etc/named.rfc1912.zones，在尾部添加如下内容：
zone "mingxiao.info" IN {
type master;
file "mingxiao.info.zone";
allow-update { none; };
allow-transfer { none; };
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "192.168.1.zone";
allow-update { none; };
allow-transfer { none; };
};
新建/var/named/mingxiao.info.zone 并添加如下内容：
$TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns.mingxiao.info admin.mingxiao.info. ( 20150526 2H 10M 3D 1D ) IN NS ns IN MX 10 mail ns IN A 192.168.1.110 mail IN A 192.168.1.110
新建/var/named/192.168.1.zone 并添加如下内容
$TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns.mingxiao.info admin.mingxiao.info. ( 20150526 2H 10M 3D 1D ) IN NS ns.mingxiao.info. 110 IN PTR ns.mingxiao.info. 110 IN PTR mail.mingxiao.info.
更改权限及属组
[[email protected] named]# chmod 640 /var/named/mingxiao.info.zone
[[email protected] named]# chmod 640 /var/named/192.168.1.zone
[[email protected] named]# chgrp named 192.168.1.zone mingxiao.info.zone
DNS指向自己主机
[[email protected] named]# echo "nameserver 192.168.1.110" > /etc/resolv.conf
启动named，并测试解析是否正常，请确保解析正常。
[[email protected] named]# service named start
[[email protected] named]# dit -t A mail.mingxiao.info
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A mail.mingxiao.info
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 56173
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;mail.mingxiao.info. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
mail.mingxiao.info. 86400 IN A 192.168.1.110
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
mingxiao.info. 86400 IN NS ns.mingxiao.info.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns.mingxiao.info. 86400 IN A 192.168.1.110
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.110#53(192.168.1.110)
;; WHEN: Mon Mar 30 16:19:25 2015
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 85
步骤2：安装mysql
[[email protected] ~]# yum install mysql-server mysql-devel
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart
步骤3：安装postfix
编译安装postfix，首先关闭原先postfix，并改名即可。
[[email protected] ~]# service postfix stop
Shutting down postfix:
[[email protected] ~]# mv /etc/init.d/postfix /etc/init.d/postfix.old
删除原来的postfix用户及组,并重新添加。
[[email protected] ~]# userdel del postfix
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -g 2525 postfix
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -g postfix -u 2525 -s /sbin/nologin -M postfix
[[email protected] ~]# tar xf postfix-3.0.0.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd postfix-3.0.0
make makefiles ‘CCARGS=-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/include/mysql -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl -DUSE_TLS ‘
‘AUXLIBS=-L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz -lm -L/usr/lib/sasl2 -lsasl2 -lssl -lcrypto‘
make
make install
注意：make install 过程中会让您输入一些路径，全部敲回车使用默认即可。
提供SysV风格的服务启动脚本，新建/etc/init.d/postfix文件，并加入以下内容：
#!/bin/bash
#
# postfix Postfix Mail Transfer Agent
#
# chkconfig: 2345 80 30
# description: Postfix is a Mail Transport Agent, which is the program # that moves mail from one machine to another.
# processname: master
# pidfile: /var/spool/postfix/pid/master.pid
# config: /etc/postfix/main.cf
# config: /etc/postfix/master.cf
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ $NETWORKING = "no" ] && exit 3
[ -x /usr/sbin/postfix ] || exit 4
[ -d /etc/postfix ] || exit 5
[ -d /var/spool/postfix ] || exit 6
RETVAL=0
prog="postfix"
start() {
# Start daemons.
echo -n $"Starting postfix: "
/usr/bin/newaliases >/dev/null 2>&1
/usr/sbin/postfix start 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog start"
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/postfix
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
# Stop daemons.
echo -n $"Shutting down postfix: "
/usr/sbin/postfix stop 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog stop"
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/postfix
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading postfix: "
/usr/sbin/postfix reload 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog reload"
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
abort() {
/usr/sbin/postfix abort 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog abort"
return $?
}
flush() {
/usr/sbin/postfix flush 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog flush"
return $?
}
check() {
/usr/sbin/postfix check 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && success || failure $"$prog check"
return $?
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
reload)
reload
;;
abort)
abort
;;
flush)
flush
;;
check)
check
;;
status)
status master
;;
condrestart)
[ -f /var/lock/subsys/postfix ] && restart || :
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|abort|flush|check|status|condrestart}"
exit 1
esac
exit $?
# END
[[email protected] postfix-3.0.0]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postfix
[[email protected] postfix-3.0.0]# chkconfig postfix on
[[email protected] postfix-3.0.0]# service postfix start
Starting postfix: [FAILED]
出现错误，首先查看日志
[[email protected] postfix-3.0.0]# tail /var/log/maillog
Mar 30 16:46:26 mail postfix/postfix-script[28627]: warning: not owned by postfix: /var/lib/postfix/./master.lock
Mar 30 16:46:26 mail postfix/postfix-script[28639]: starting the Postfix mail system
Mar 30 16:46:26 mail postfix/master[28643]: fatal: open lock file /var/lib/postfix/master.lock: cannot open file: Permission denied
Mar 30 16:46:27 mail postfix/master[28641]: fatal: daemon initialization failure
Mar 30 16:46:28 mail postfix/postfix-script[28644]: fatal: mail system startup failed
解决办法：
[[email protected] postfix-3.0.0]# rm -f /var/lib/postfix/./master.lock
[[email protected] postfix-3.0.0]# service postfix start
Starting postfix: [ OK ]
启动成功，查看日志，看有无错误警告信息。
[[email protected] ~]# newaliases
编辑/etc/postfix/main.cf配置文件，修改以下内容：
myhostname=mail.mingxiao.info
mydomain=mingxiao.info
myorigin=$mydomain
inet_interfaces=all
mydestination=$myhostname,localhost.$mydomain,localhost,$mydomain,ns.$mydomain
mynetworks=192.168.1.0/24,127.0.0.0/8
[[email protected] ~]# service postfix restart
[[email protected] ~]# telnet mail.mingxiao.info 25
Trying 192.168.1.110...
Connected to mail.mingxiao.info.
Escape character is ‘^]‘.
220 mail.mingxiao.info ESMTP Postfix
helo mail.mingxiao.info
250 mail.mingxiao.info
mail from:[email protected]
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:[email protected]
250 2.1.5 Ok
data
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
How are you.
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 9A07960408
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
查看日志发送状态信息：可以发现状态是delevered to mailbox,发送成功。
[[email protected] ~]# tail /var/log/maillog
Mar 30 17:02:46 mail postfix/local[29129]: 9A07960408: to=<[email protected]>, relay=local, delay=28, delays=28/0.02/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to mailbox)
Mar 30 17:02:46 mail postfix/qmgr[29109]: 9A07960408: removed
Mar 30 17:02:49 mail postfix/smtpd[29121]: disconnect from ns.mingxiao.info[192.168.1.110] helo=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=5
切换到shubiao用户
[[email protected] ~]# su - shubiao
[[email protected] ~]$ mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08. Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/shubiao": 1 message 1 new
>N 1 [email protected] Mon Mar 30 17:02 13/503
& 1
Message 1:
From [email protected] Mon Mar 30 17:02:46 2015
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
X-Original-To: [email protected]
Delivered-To: [email protected]
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2015 17:02:18 +0800 (CST)
From: [email protected]
Status: R
How are you.
可以看到已经收到一封邮件。
在XP上用Outlook Express测试，使用shubiao账号登陆，给jianpan用户发送一封测试邮件：
[[email protected] ~]# su - jianpan
[[email protected] ~]$ mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08. Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/jianpan": 1 message 1 new
>N 1 hi Mon Mar 30 17:25 44/1534 "test"
& 1
Message 1:
From [email protected] Mon Mar 30 17:25:58 2015
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
X-Original-To: [email protected]
Delivered-To: [email protected]
From: "hi" <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Subject: test
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2015 09:25:57 +0800
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0022_01D06ACB.879E7AC0"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2900.5931
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.6157
Status: R
Content-Type: text/plain;
charset="gb2312"
Hi.
收信成功，但此时尚不能在windows上收取邮件，远程用户接收邮件需要有MRA(mail retrieval agent)服务器,使用pop3或imap协议接收邮件，因此安装dovecot。
步骤4：安装dovecot
[[email protected] ~]# yum install dovecot
编辑/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf，取消protocol并改为protocols = pop3
[[email protected] ~]# telnet mail.mingxiao.info 110
Trying 192.168.1.110... Connected to mail.mingxiao.info. Escape character is ‘^]‘. +OK Dovecot ready. USER jianpan +OK PASS jianpan Connection closed by foreign host.
出错，查看日志报什么错误
[[email protected] ~]# tail /var/log/maillog
Mar 30 17:35:33 mail dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<jianpan>, method=PLAIN, rip=192.168.1.110, lip=192.168.1.110, mpid=29824, secured
Mar 30 17:35:33 mail dovecot: pop3(jianpan): Error: user jianpan: Initialization failed: mail_location not set and autodetection failed: Mail storage autodetection failed with home=/home/jianpan
Mar 30 17:35:33 mail dovecot: pop3(jianpan): Error: Invalid user settings. Refer to server log for more information.
解决办法：mail_location没有设置，在配置文件中设置即可，即为邮件存放位置。
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
[[email protected] ~]# telnet mail.mingxiao.info 110
Trying 192.168.1.110...
Connected to mail.mingxiao.info.
Escape character is ‘^]‘.
+OK Dovecot ready.
USER jianpan
+OK
PASS jianpan
-ERR [IN-USE] Couldn‘t open INBOX: Internal error occurred. Refer to server log for more information. [2015-03-30 17:38:04]
Connection closed by foreign host.
出错，查看日志，发现是权限问题。
Mar 30 17:38:04 mail dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<jianpan>, method=PLAIN, rip=192.168.1.110, lip=192.168.1.110, mpid=29869, secured
Mar 30 17:38:04 mail dovecot: pop3(jianpan): Error: chown(/home/jianpan/mail/.imap/INBOX, -1, 12(mail)) failed: Operation not permitted (egid=500(jianpan), group based on /var/mail/jianpan)
Mar 30 17:38:04 mail dovecot: pop3(jianpan): Error: mkdir(/home/jianpan/mail/.imap/INBOX) failed: Operation not permitted
Mar 30 17:38:04 mail dovecot: pop3(jianpan): Error: Couldn‘t open INBOX: Internal error occurred. Refer to server log for more information. [2015-03-30 17:38:04]
Mar 30 17:38:04 mail dovecot: pop3(jianpan): Couldn‘t open INBOX top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/0, size=0
解决方法：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
mail_access_groups = mail
[[email protected] ~]# telnet mail.mingxiao.info 110
Trying 192.168.1.110...
Connected to mail.mingxiao.info.
Escape character is ‘^]‘.
+OK Dovecot ready.
USER jianpan
+OK
PASS jianpan
+OK Logged in.
LIST
+OK 2 messages:
1 1522
2 1526
.
可以使用dovecot接收邮件了。
测试发邮件给shubiao，在windows使用outlook express接收邮件是否成功。
[[email protected] postfix-3.0.0]# telnet 192.168.1.110 25
Trying 192.168.1.110...
Connected to 192.168.1.110.
Escape character is ‘^]‘.
220 mail.mingxiao.info ESMTP Postfix
helo mail.mingxiao.info
250 mail.mingxiao.info
mail from:[email protected]
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:[email protected]
250 2.1.5 Ok
data
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
Hahaa!
.
在outlook express点击接收所有邮件，发现仍是不允许，查看日志信息。
Mar 30 18:04:42 mail dovecot: pop3-login: Disconnected (tried to use disabled plaintext auth): rip=192.168.1.77, lip=192.168.1.110
Mar 30 18:05:00 mail dovecot: pop3-login: Disconnected (tried to use disabled plaintext auth): rip=192.168.1.77, lip=192.168.1.110
解决办法：编辑/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf，将disable_plaintext_auth = no
默认的是disable_plaintext_auth=yes，如果客户端没有配置使用SSL/TLS，就不得不设置成disable_plaintext_auth=no
重启dovecot服务，重新点击接收所有邮件。接收邮件成功。
基本邮件收发功能已经实现，下面要实现webmail功能...未完待续。