1 ‘‘‘
2 A Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM) implementation example using TensorFlow library.
3 This example is using the MNIST database of handwritten digits (http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/)
4 Long Short Term Memory paper: http://deeplearning.cs.cmu.edu/pdfs/Hochreiter97_lstm.pdf
5
6 Author: Aymeric Damien
7 Project: https://github.com/aymericdamien/TensorFlow-Examples/
8 ‘‘‘
9
10 from __future__ import print_function
11
12 import tensorflow as tf
13 from tensorflow.contrib import rnn
14 import numpy as np
15
16 # Import MNIST data
17 from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
18 mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("/tmp/data/", one_hot=True)
19
20 ‘‘‘
21 To classify images using a bidirectional recurrent neural network, we consider
22 every image row as a sequence of pixels. Because MNIST image shape is 28*28px,
23 we will then handle 28 sequences of 28 steps for every sample.
24 ‘‘‘
25
26 # Parameters
27 learning_rate = 0.001
28
29 # 可以理解为，训练时总共用的样本数
30 training_iters = 100000
31
32 # 每次训练的样本大小
33 batch_size = 128
34
35 # 这个是用来显示的。
36 display_step = 10
37
38 # Network Parameters
39 # n_steps*n_input其实就是那张图 把每一行拆到每个time step上。
40 n_input = 28 # MNIST data input (img shape: 28*28)
41 n_steps = 28 # timesteps
42
43 # 隐藏层大小
44 n_hidden = 128 # hidden layer num of features
45 n_classes = 10 # MNIST total classes (0-9 digits)
46
47 # tf Graph input
48 # [None, n_steps, n_input]这个None表示这一维不确定大小
49 x = tf.placeholder("float", [None, n_steps, n_input])
50 y = tf.placeholder("float", [None, n_classes])
51
52 # Define weights
53 weights = {
54 # Hidden layer weights => 2*n_hidden because of forward + backward cells
55 ‘out‘: tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([2*n_hidden, n_classes]))
56 }
57 biases = {
58 ‘out‘: tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_classes]))
59 }
60
61
62 def BiRNN(x, weights, biases):
63
64 # Prepare data shape to match `bidirectional_rnn` function requirements
65 # Current data input shape: (batch_size, n_steps, n_input)
66 # Required shape: ‘n_steps‘ tensors list of shape (batch_size, n_input)
67
68 # Unstack to get a list of ‘n_steps‘ tensors of shape (batch_size, n_input)
69 # 变成了n_steps*(batch_size, n_input)
70 x = tf.unstack(x, n_steps, 1)
71
72 # Define lstm cells with tensorflow
73 # Forward direction cell
74 lstm_fw_cell = rnn.BasicLSTMCell(n_hidden, forget_bias=1.0)
75 # Backward direction cell
76 lstm_bw_cell = rnn.BasicLSTMCell(n_hidden, forget_bias=1.0)
77
78 # Get lstm cell output
79 try:
80 outputs, _, _ = rnn.static_bidirectional_rnn(lstm_fw_cell, lstm_bw_cell, x,
81 dtype=tf.float32)
82 except Exception: # Old TensorFlow version only returns outputs not states
83 outputs = rnn.static_bidirectional_rnn(lstm_fw_cell, lstm_bw_cell, x,
84 dtype=tf.float32)
85
86 # Linear activation, using rnn inner loop last output
87 return tf.matmul(outputs[-1], weights[‘out‘]) + biases[‘out‘]
88
89 pred = BiRNN(x, weights, biases)
90
91 # Define loss and optimizer
92 # softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits：Measures the probability error in discrete classification tasks in which the classes are mutually exclusive
93 # return a 1-D Tensor of length batch_size of the same type as logits with the softmax cross entropy loss.
94 # reduce_mean就是对所有数值（这里没有指定哪一维）求均值。
95 cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=pred, labels=y))
96 optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)
97
98 # Evaluate model
99 correct_pred = tf.equal(tf.argmax(pred,1), tf.argmax(y,1))
100 accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32))
101
102 # Initializing the variables
103 init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
104
105 # Launch the graph
106 with tf.Session() as sess:
107 sess.run(init)
108 step = 1
109 # Keep training until reach max iterations
110 while step * batch_size < training_iters:
111 batch_x, batch_y = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
112 # Reshape data to get 28 seq of 28 elements
113 batch_x = batch_x.reshape((batch_size, n_steps, n_input))
114 # Run optimization op (backprop)
115 sess.run(optimizer, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
116 if step % display_step == 0:
117 # Calculate batch accuracy
118 acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
119 # Calculate batch loss
120 loss = sess.run(cost, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y})
121 print("Iter " + str(step*batch_size) + ", Minibatch Loss= " + 122 "{:.6f}".format(loss) + ", Training Accuracy= " + 123 "{:.5f}".format(acc))
124 step += 1
125 print("Optimization Finished!")
126
127 # Calculate accuracy for 128 mnist test images
128 test_len = 128
129 test_data = mnist.test.images[:test_len].reshape((-1, n_steps, n_input))
130 test_label = mnist.test.labels[:test_len]
131 print("Testing Accuracy:", 132 sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: test_data, y: test_label}))
官方关于bilstm的例子写的很清楚了。因为是第一次看，还是要查许多东西。尤其是数据处理方面。
数据的处理(https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000008793389)
拼接
t1 = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]] t2 = [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]] tf.concat([t1, t2], 0) ==> [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]] tf.concat([t1, t2], 1) ==> [[1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9], [4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12]] tf.stack([t1, t2], 0) ==> [[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]] tf.stack([t1, t2], 1) ==> [[[1, 2, 3], [7, 8, 9]], [[4, 5, 6], [10, 11, 12]]] tf.stack([t1, t2], 2) ==> [[[1, 7], [2, 8], [3, 9]], [[4, 10], [5, 11], [6, 12]]]
从shape的角度看：
t1 = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]] t2 = [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]] tf.concat([t1, t2], 0) # [2,3] + [2,3] ==> [4, 3] tf.concat([t1, t2], 1) # [2,3] + [2,3] ==> [2, 6] tf.stack([t1, t2], 0) # [2,3] + [2,3] ==> [2*,2,3] tf.stack([t1, t2], 1) # [2,3] + [2,3] ==> [2,2*,3] tf.stack([t1, t2], 2) # [2,3] + [2,3] ==> [2,3,2*]
抽取：
input = [[[1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2]],
[[3, 3, 3], [4, 4, 4]],
[[5, 5, 5], [6, 6, 6]]]
tf.slice(input, [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 3]) ==> [[[3, 3, 3]]]
tf.slice(input, [1, 0, 0], [1, 2, 3]) ==> [[[3, 3, 3],
[4, 4, 4]]]
tf.slice(input, [1, 0, 0], [2, 1, 3]) ==> [[[3, 3, 3]],
[[5, 5, 5]]]
tf.gather(input, [0, 2]) ==> [[[1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2]],
[[5, 5, 5], [6, 6, 6]]]
时间： 2024-08-08 22:09:53