由于Scala有一个比较完备的Eclipse IDE(Scala IDE for Eclipse), 对于不想从eclipse迁移到Iea平台的Dev来说,如何方便、快速、有效得在Eclipse下编译打包开发Scala应用程序尤为重要。Sbt是类似Maven的一个构建工具,我们将使用它来构建发布程序。
本文会介绍搭建Eclipse开发Scala应用程序的一般步骤,并结合实例演示sbt工具在eclipse里是如何创建项目文件,和编译打包部署程序的。
这里做个备忘,也为初学者少走弯路而做出点小小的贡献。
一、环境准备:
1、Scala : http://www.scala-lang.org/
2、Scala IDE for Eclipse : scala-ide.org
3、Sbt: http://www.scala-sbt.org/
4、Sbt Eclipse : https://github.com/typesafehub/sbteclipse typesafe的一个sbt for eclipse的助手,可以帮助生成eclipse
5、Sbt Assembly : https://github.com/sbt/sbt-assembly 发布应用程序的一个sbt插件。
以上列出均为开发时必须的软件环境:
我的,Scala版本是2.10.3, Sbt版本是0.13
二、sbt生成scala eclipse项目:
我们想要在Eclipse里开发scala应用并符合sbt发布程序的文件结构(类似Maven结构),除了手工建立文件结构,还可以采用sbt eclipse的配置方法。
2.1、添加sbt eclipse插件
有2种配置方式:
一种是在~/.sbt/0.13/plugins//build.sbt
里配置addPlugin,这种做法是全局的插件,即对本机所有sbt项目均使用。
另一种是每个项目不一样的plugins,则是在每个项目跟目录下project/plugins.sbt里进行插件配置。
比如test_sbt:
[email protected]:~/workspace/test_sbt$ pwd /home/victor/workspace/test_sbt
victor-ubuntu:~/workspace/test_sbt$ tree . . ├── build.sbt └── project └── plugins.sbt 1 directory, 2 files
plugins.sbt里面内容配置,添加插件:
addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.sbteclipse" % "sbteclipse-plugin" % "2.4.0")
2.2、生成eclipse项目文件
然后进入到根目录sbt,成功进入sbt,运行eclipse命令生成eclipse的.classpath等eclipse相关文件:
[email protected]:~/workspace/test_sbt$ ll total 28 drwxrwxr-x 5 victor victor 4096 8月 4 00:38 ./ drwxrwxr-x 8 victor victor 4096 8月 4 00:28 ../ -rw-rw-r-- 1 victor victor 0 8月 4 00:38 build.sbt -rw-rw-r-- 1 victor victor 589 8月 4 00:38 .classpath drwxrwxr-x 4 victor victor 4096 8月 4 00:38 project/ -rw-rw-r-- 1 victor victor 362 8月 4 00:38 .project drwxrwxr-x 4 victor victor 4096 8月 4 00:38 src/ drwxrwxr-x 4 victor victor 4096 8月 4 00:38 target/
可以看到和maven的目录结构是相似的:
[email protected]:~/workspace/test_sbt$ tree src src ├── main │ ├── java │ └── scala └── test ├── java └── scala
发现没有resouces目录:
在跟目录的build.sbt里添加:
EclipseKeys.createSrc := EclipseCreateSrc.Default + EclipseCreateSrc.Resource
再执行sbt eclipse
[email protected]:~/workspace/test_sbt$ tree src/ src/ ├── main │ ├── java │ ├── resources │ └── scala └── test ├── java ├── resources └── scala
2.3、导入Eclipse中
我们进入Eclipse,利用导入向导的import existing project into workspace这一项进行导入。
至此,我们的项目结构搭建完成,可以像开发java maven项目一样的开发scala sbt项目了。
三、开发与部署
下面准备用一个实际例子演示在Scala里开发的一般步骤,最近用到scala里的json,就用json4s这个json lib来开发一个解析json的例子,json4s地址:https://github.com/json4s/json4s
3.1、添加依赖
我们如果想使用第三方的类,就需要添加依赖关系,和GAV坐标,这个再熟悉不过,我们需要编辑根目录下的build.sbt文件,添加依赖:
这里name,version,scalaVersion要注意每个间隔一行,其它的也是,不然会出错。
libraryDependencies是添加依赖的地方:我们添加2个。
resolvers是仓库地址,这里配置了多个。
如下:
name := "shengli_test_sbt" version := "1.0" scalaVersion := "2.10.3" EclipseKeys.createSrc := EclipseCreateSrc.Default + EclipseCreateSrc.Resource libraryDependencies ++= Seq( "org.json4s" %% "json4s-native" % "3.2.10", "org.json4s" %% "json4s-jackson" % "3.2.10" ) resolvers ++= Seq( // HTTPS is unavailable for Maven Central "Maven Repository" at "http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2", "Apache Repository" at "https://repository.apache.org/content/repositories/releases", "JBoss Repository" at "https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/releases/", "MQTT Repository" at "https://repo.eclipse.org/content/repositories/paho-releases/", "Cloudera Repository" at "http://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/", // For Sonatype publishing // "sonatype-snapshots" at "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots", // "sonatype-staging" at "https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/", // also check the local Maven repository ~/.m2 Resolver.mavenLocal )
再次运行sbt eclipse,则依赖的jar包会自动加载到classpath:
3.2、测试程序
一个简单的解析Json的程序,程序很简单,这里就不解释了。
package com.shengli.json import org.json4s._ import org.json4s.JsonDSL._ import org.json4s.jackson.JsonMethods._ object JsonSbtTest extends Application{ case class Winner(id: Long, numbers: List[Int]) case class Lotto(id: Long, winningNumbers: List[Int], winners: List[Winner], drawDate: Option[java.util.Date]) val winners = List(Winner(23, List(2, 45, 34, 23, 3, 5)), Winner(54, List(52, 3, 12, 11, 18, 22))) val lotto = Lotto(5, List(2, 45, 34, 23, 7, 5, 3), winners, None) val json = ("lotto" -> ("lotto-id" -> lotto.id) ~ ("winning-numbers" -> lotto.winningNumbers) ~ ("draw-date" -> lotto.drawDate.map(_.toString)) ~ ("winners" -> lotto.winners.map { w => (("winner-id" -> w.id) ~ ("numbers" -> w.numbers))})) println(compact(render(json))) println(pretty(render(json))) }
至此我们在eclipse能运行Run as Scala Application,但是如何加依赖打包发布呢?
3.3、Assembly
还记得Spark里面的assembly吗?那个就是发布用的,sbt本身支持的clean compile package之类的命令,但是带依赖的one jar打包方式还是assembly比较成熟。
Sbt本身的命令:参考http://www.scala-sbt.org/0.13/tutorial/Running.html 和http://www.scala-sbt.org/0.13/docs/Command-Line-Reference.html
clean | Deletes all generated files (in the target directory). |
compile | Compiles the main sources (in src/main/scala and src/main/java directories). |
test | Compiles and runs all tests. |
console | Starts the Scala interpreter with a classpath including the compiled sources and all dependencies. To return to sbt, type:quit, Ctrl+D (Unix), or Ctrl+Z (Windows). |
run <argument>* | Runs the main class for the project in the same virtual machine as sbt. |
package | Creates a jar file containing the files in src/main/resources and the classes compiled fromsrc/main/scala and src/main/java. |
help <command> | Displays detailed help for the specified command. If no command is provided, displays brief descriptions of all commands. |
reload | Reloads the build definition (build.sbt, project/*.scala, project/*.sbt files). Needed if you change the build definition. |
Assembly:
Assembly是作为一种插件的,所以要在project下面的plugins.sbt里面配置,至此plugins.sbt文件里内容如下:
resolvers += Resolver.url("artifactory", url("http://scalasbt.artifactoryonline.com/scalasbt/sbt-plugin-releases"))(Resolver.ivyStylePatterns) resolvers += "Typesafe Repository" at "http://repo.typesafe.com/typesafe/releases/" addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.sbteclipse" % "sbteclipse-plugin" % "2.4.0") addSbtPlugin("com.eed3si9n" % "sbt-assembly" % "0.11.2")
除了插件的配置之外,还需要配置跟目录下build.sbt,支持assembly,在文件头部加入:
import AssemblyKeys._ assemblySettings
至此build.sbt文件内容如下:
import AssemblyKeys._ assemblySettings name := "shengli_test_sbt" version := "1.0" scalaVersion := "2.10.3" EclipseKeys.createSrc := EclipseCreateSrc.Default + EclipseCreateSrc.Resource libraryDependencies ++= Seq( "org.json4s" %% "json4s-native" % "3.2.10", "org.json4s" %% "json4s-jackson" % "3.2.10" ) resolvers ++= Seq( // HTTPS is unavailable for Maven Central "Maven Repository" at "http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2", "Apache Repository" at "https://repository.apache.org/content/repositories/releases", "JBoss Repository" at "https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/releases/", "MQTT Repository" at "https://repo.eclipse.org/content/repositories/paho-releases/", "Cloudera Repository" at "http://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/", // For Sonatype publishing // "sonatype-snapshots" at "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots", // "sonatype-staging" at "https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/", // also check the local Maven repository ~/.m2 Resolver.mavenLocal )
运行sbt assembly命令进行发布:
> assembly [info] Updating {file:/home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/}test_sbt... [info] Resolving org.fusesource.jansi#jansi;1.4 ... [info] Done updating. [info] Compiling 1 Scala source to /home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/target/scala-2.10/classes... [warn] there were 1 deprecation warning(s); re-run with -deprecation for details [warn] one warning found [info] Including: scala-compiler-2.10.0.jar [info] Including: scala-library-2.10.3.jar [info] Including: json4s-native_2.10-3.2.10.jar [info] Including: json4s-core_2.10-3.2.10.jar [info] Including: json4s-ast_2.10-3.2.10.jar [info] Including: paranamer-2.6.jar [info] Including: scalap-2.10.0.jar [info] Including: jackson-databind-2.3.1.jar [info] Including: scala-reflect-2.10.0.jar [info] Including: jackson-annotations-2.3.0.jar [info] Including: json4s-jackson_2.10-3.2.10.jar [info] Including: jackson-core-2.3.1.jar [info] Checking every *.class/*.jar file's SHA-1. [info] Merging files... [warn] Merging 'META-INF/NOTICE' with strategy 'rename' [warn] Merging 'META-INF/LICENSE' with strategy 'rename' [warn] Merging 'META-INF/MANIFEST.MF' with strategy 'discard' [warn] Merging 'rootdoc.txt' with strategy 'concat' [warn] Strategy 'concat' was applied to a file [warn] Strategy 'discard' was applied to a file [warn] Strategy 'rename' was applied to 2 files [info] SHA-1: d4e76d7b55548fb2a6819f2b94e37daea9421684 [info] Packaging /home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/target/scala-2.10/shengli_test_sbt-assembly-1.0.jar ... [info] Done packaging. [success] Total time: 39 s, completed Aug 4, 2014 1:26:11 AM
我们发现文件发布到了/home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/target/scala-2.10/shengli_test_sbt-assembly-1.0.jar
那我们来执行一下,看是否成功:
执行:
java -cp /home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/target/scala-2.10/shengli_test_sbt-assembly-1.0.jar com.shengli.json.JsonSbtTest
[email protected]:~/workspace/test_sbt$ java -cp /home/victor/workspace/test_sbt/target/scala-2.10/shengli_test_sbt-assembly-1.0.jar com.shengli.json.JsonSbtTest {"lotto":{"lotto-id":5,"winning-numbers":[2,45,34,23,7,5,3],"winners":[{"winner-id":23,"numbers":[2,45,34,23,3,5]},{"winner-id":54,"numbers":[52,3,12,11,18,22]}]}} { "lotto" : { "lotto-id" : 5, "winning-numbers" : [ 2, 45, 34, 23, 7, 5, 3 ], "winners" : [ { "winner-id" : 23, "numbers" : [ 2, 45, 34, 23, 3, 5 ] }, { "winner-id" : 54, "numbers" : [ 52, 3, 12, 11, 18, 22 ] } ] } }
证实发布的结果是成功的。
四、总结
本文介绍了在Eclipse里利用Sbt构建开发Scala程序的一般步骤,并用实例讲解了整个流程。
用sbt eclipse插件生成sbt文件目录结构,sbt eclipse命令来生成更新jar包依赖。
用assebly插件对scala应用进行打包发布。
——EOF——
原创文章,转载请注明出自:http://blog.csdn.net/oopsoom/article/details/38363369
scala eclipse sbt 应用程序开发,布布扣,bubuko.com