网上把django部署到apache的文章挺多的,但是按照大家的操作,并没有一次就成功,还是遇到了一些问题,这里主要有以下几个情况。
1.网上找到的mod_wsgi的版本问题,导致动态库加载不上。
2.配置问题,因为涉及到apache、python和mod_wsgi的版本,所以配置上可能也不太一样。
这里我把我遇到的问题和解决方案比较详细的写下来。失败经历可跳过。
失败经历
我的环境是python2.7.11 64位版本,apache我选择的是2.4.20x 64位版本,这里有一点必须要保证的是apache和python的版本必须要一致(而且要使用相同的编译器编译出来的,一般来说python2.x的版本都是用vc9编译的,也就是VS2008),如果我们选择使用编译好的mod_wsgi,请到如下链接进行下载:
http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs#mod_wsgi
我也的确下载了,但是失败了。
失败的原因是我认为我机器上安装的是python2.7 32位的版本,但是实际是64位的。于是我把各种版本的whl文件解压出来,将mod_wsgi.so文件进行挨个替换,还是失败。没版本,我还是不想编译把apache的版本各种下载,发现还是不对啊?看来还是不能偷懒啊,于是我采用了自己编译,因为自己计算机上没有安装VS2008,所以我下载了VS2008,这里特别要注意VS2008在64位计算机上安装的时候是不会安装VC64位的编译器的,如果你使用的是64位的python,请一定勾选VC64位组件,否则你是编译不了的,(因为我安装的时候按照默认安装的,所以我发现vcvarsall.bat
amd64 报没有安装该组件的错误)。所以这个地方一定得注意。VS2010如果安装在64位计算机上的话是会默认安装64位编译器的。
详细操作过程(自己编译)
1.环境介绍:
python2.7.11 64位
apache 2.4.20 64位 VC9编译的版本
这里说明一下大家可能有时搞不清楚自己的python2.x是那个版本的vc编译的,请直接在命令行运行python,这个时候会显示该python的详细版本信息,以及编译器和编译器的版本,如下图,是我的:
MSC说明是微软的编译器编译的 v.1500这里可能有些人不知道,可以看我上个文章python的编译器对应关系,V1500代表的就是VC9的编译器版本,所以这里可以确定,我的python版本就是vc9编译出来的。这样就保证了python和apache是用的同一个编译器(相同版本)编译出来的。
2.下载mod_wsgi的源码
一听到源码,国内能下载的估计也就是github了,果然mod_wsgi的代码是托管在github上的,地址如下:
https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi
3.编译
将下载下来的mod_wsgi-develop.zip文件解压缩到mod_wsgi-develop文件夹下,打开win32文件夹,可以看到如下的目录结构:
打开ap24py27-win32-VC9.mk文件,(这里根据你的环境选择mk文件进行编译)
APACHE_ROOTDIR = c:\Apache24-win64-VC9 PYTHON_ROOTDIR = c:\Python27-win64-VC9 PYTHON_VERSION = 27 include common-VC9.mk
将APACHE_ROOTDIR和PYTHON_ROOTDIR修改为你的实际位置
例如我的环境是这样的:
APACHE_ROOTDIR = E:\windows_softs\apache64\Apache24 PYTHON_ROOTDIR = c:\Python27 PYTHON_VERSION = 27 include common-VC9.mk
这个时候,直接使用对应的批处理进行编译即可,我的环境我选择的是build-win64-vc9.bat。
或者可以打开vs2008的编译命令行(如果是64位,请选择兼容x64的命令行)
打开后cd到你的源代码目录,执行如下操作
nmake /f ap24py27-win64-VC9.mk clean
nmake /f ap24py27-win64-VC9.mk install
即可。如果没有编译过的,请查看编译输出,是不是你的python或者apache的目录没有指定正确。
4.配置apache
编译完成后,会自动将mod_wsgi.so文件拷贝到你的apache/modules目录下的,这个时候你只需要配置即可。
配置的时候有几个重要参数是必须要配置的
<1>增加模块
LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi-py27-VC9.so
<2>指定python的位置(如果不指定的话,apache的error.log会报ImportError: No module named site的错误)
WSGIPythonHome C:/Python27
<3>配置django的应用
#指定myweb项目的wsgi.py配置文件路径 WSGIScriptAlias / G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblog/myblog/wsgi.py #指定项目路径 WSGIPythonPath G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblo <Directory G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblog> <Files wsgi.py> Require all granted </Files> </Directory> #配置static的目录,需要django的settings中关闭debug模式,而且指定STATIC_ROOT,与本目录相同
#如果有需要可以配置上传目录MEDIA_ROOT,对应MEDIA_URL Alias /static G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblog/myblog/static <Directory G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblog/myblog/static> AllowOverride None Options None Require all granted </Directory>
配置好了之后,启动apache服务器,如果能直接访问django的admin网址,那么恭喜你,配置成功了。另外,apache的默认端口是80,如果有需要可以根据实际情况进行配置。
附上我的完整配置文件
# # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information. # In particular, see # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html> # for a discussion of each configuration directive. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/access_log" # with ServerRoot set to "/usr/local/apache2" will be interpreted by the # server as "/usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log", whereas "/logs/access_log" # will be interpreted as '/logs/access_log'. # # NOTE: Where filenames are specified, you must use forward slashes # instead of backslashes (e.g., "c:/apache" instead of "c:\apache"). # If a drive letter is omitted, the drive on which httpd.exe is located # will be used by default. It is recommended that you always supply # an explicit drive letter in absolute paths to avoid confusion. # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point # ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the # Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used. If you wish to share the # same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at # least PidFile. # Define SRVROOT "E:/windows_softs/apache64/Apache24" ServerRoot "${SRVROOT}" # # Mutex: Allows you to set the mutex mechanism and mutex file directory # for individual mutexes, or change the global defaults # # Uncomment and change the directory if mutexes are file-based and the default # mutex file directory is not on a local disk or is not appropriate for some # other reason. # # Mutex default:logs # # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost> # directive. # # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # #Listen 12.34.56.78:8000 Listen 8000 # # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support # # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need # to be loaded here. # # Example: # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so # #LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so LoadModule allowmethods_module modules/mod_allowmethods.so LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so #LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so #LoadModule auth_form_module modules/mod_auth_form.so #LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so #LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so #LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so #LoadModule authn_socache_module modules/mod_authn_socache.so #LoadModule authnz_fcgi_module modules/mod_authnz_fcgi.so #LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so #LoadModule authz_dbd_module modules/mod_authz_dbd.so #LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so #LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so #LoadModule buffer_module modules/mod_buffer.so #LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so #LoadModule cache_disk_module modules/mod_cache_disk.so #LoadModule cache_socache_module modules/mod_cache_socache.so #LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so #LoadModule charset_lite_module modules/mod_charset_lite.so #LoadModule data_module modules/mod_data.so #LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so #LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so #LoadModule dav_lock_module modules/mod_dav_lock.so #LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so #LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so #LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so #LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so #LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so #LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so #LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so #LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so #LoadModule heartbeat_module modules/mod_heartbeat.so #LoadModule heartmonitor_module modules/mod_heartmonitor.so #LoadModule http2_module modules/mod_http2.so #LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so #LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.so LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so LoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so #LoadModule lbmethod_bybusyness_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.so #LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so #LoadModule lbmethod_bytraffic_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.so #LoadModule lbmethod_heartbeat_module modules/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so #LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so #LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so #LoadModule log_debug_module modules/mod_log_debug.so #LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so #LoadModule lua_module modules/mod_lua.so #LoadModule macro_module modules/mod_macro.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so #LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so #LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so #LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so #LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so #LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so #LoadModule proxy_express_module modules/mod_proxy_express.so #LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so #LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so #LoadModule proxy_html_module modules/mod_proxy_html.so #LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so #LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so #LoadModule proxy_wstunnel_module modules/mod_proxy_wstunnel.so #LoadModule ratelimit_module modules/mod_ratelimit.so #LoadModule reflector_module modules/mod_reflector.so #LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so #LoadModule request_module modules/mod_request.so #LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so #LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so #LoadModule sed_module modules/mod_sed.so #LoadModule session_module modules/mod_session.so #LoadModule session_cookie_module modules/mod_session_cookie.so #LoadModule session_crypto_module modules/mod_session_crypto.so #LoadModule session_dbd_module modules/mod_session_dbd.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so #LoadModule slotmem_plain_module modules/mod_slotmem_plain.so #LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so #LoadModule socache_dbm_module modules/mod_socache_dbm.so #LoadModule socache_memcache_module modules/mod_socache_memcache.so LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so #LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so #LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so #LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so #LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so #LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so #LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so #LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so #LoadModule watchdog_module modules/mod_watchdog.so #LoadModule xml2enc_module modules/mod_xml2enc.so LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi-py27-VC9.so <IfModule unixd_module> # # If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run # httpd as root initially and it will switch. # # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for # running httpd, as with most system services. # User daemon Group daemon </IfModule> # 'Main' server configuration # # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main' # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a # <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for # any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file. # # All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers, # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the # virtual host being defined. # # # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. e.g. [email protected] # ServerAdmin [email protected] # # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. # # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. # ServerName localhost:8000 #指定myweb项目的wsgi.py配置文件路径 WSGIScriptAlias / G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblog/myblog/wsgi.py #指定项目路径 WSGIPythonPath G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblog #指定python的位置 WSGIPythonHome C:/Python27 <Directory G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblog> <Files wsgi.py> Require all granted </Files> </Directory> #下载的配置
#将/static映射到磁盘路径<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblog/myblog/static</span>
<span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">#如果有上传目录也就是django的MEDIA_ROOT,也可以这么配置(路径映射,给定权限即可) </span>Alias /static G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblog/myblog/static <Directory G:/localsvn/trunk/python/django/myblog/myblog/static> AllowOverride None Options None Require all granted </Directory> # # Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must # explicitly permit access to web content directories in other # <Directory> blocks below. # #<Directory /> # AllowOverride none # Require all denied #</Directory> # # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. # # # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. # DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/htdocs" <Directory "${SRVROOT}/htdocs"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options # for more information. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Require all granted </Directory> # # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. # <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html </IfModule> # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ".ht*"> Require all denied </Files> # # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog "logs/error.log" # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> # # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format). # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost> # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do* # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be # logged therein and *not* in this file. # CustomLog "logs/access.log" common # # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive. # #CustomLog "logs/access.log" combined </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> # # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client # will make a new request for the document at its new location. # Example: # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar # # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot. # Example: # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path # # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will # require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to # the filesystem path. # # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias # directives as to Alias. # ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "${SRVROOT}/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <IfModule cgid_module> # # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid. # #Scriptsock logs/cgisock </IfModule> # # "${SRVROOT}/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured. # <Directory "${SRVROOT}/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Require all granted </Directory> <IfModule mime_module> # # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from # filename extension to MIME-type. # TypesConfig conf/mime.types # # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types. # #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz # # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. # #AddEncoding x-compress .Z #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz # # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz # # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server # or added with the Action directive (see below) # # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories: # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl # For type maps (negotiated resources): #AddHandler type-map var # # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client. # # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI): # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddType text/html .shtml #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml </IfModule> # # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. # #MIMEMagicFile conf/magic # # Customizable error responses come in three flavors: # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects # # Some examples: #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html # # # MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before # returning the entire resource, or one of the special # values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'. # Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges. #MaxRanges unlimited # # EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, # memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver # files. This usually improves server performance, but must # be turned off when serving from networked-mounted # filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise # broken on your system. # Defaults: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off # #EnableMMAP off #EnableSendfile on #AcceptFilter http none #AcceptFilter https none # Supplemental configuration # # The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be # included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of # the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as # necessary. # Server-pool management (MPM specific) #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf # Multi-language error messages #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf # Fancy directory listings Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf # Language settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf # User home directories #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf # Real-time info on requests and configuration Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf # Virtual hosts # Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf # Various default settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf # Configure mod_proxy_html to understand HTML4/XHTML1 <IfModule proxy_html_module> Include conf/extra/httpd-proxy-html.conf </IfModule> # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections # Note: The following must must be present to support # starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent # but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl. # <IfModule ssl_module> #Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf Include conf/extra/httpd-ahssl.conf SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> <IfModule http2_module> ProtocolsHonorOrder On Protocols h2 h2c http/1.1 </IfModule>