expect脚本同步文件、指定host和要同步的文件、构建文件分发系统、批量远程执行命令

expect脚本同步文件

1.自动同步文件

[[email protected] shell]# vi 4.expect

增加如下脚本内容：

#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
spawn rsync -av [email protected]:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof

[[email protected] shell]# chmod a+x 4.expect 

#如果机器上没有安装rsync请使用如下命令安装
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install rsync

expect脚本指定host和要同步的文件

1.指定host和要同步的文件

[[email protected] shell]# vi 5.expect

增加如下内容：

#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av $file [email protected]$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof

[[email protected] shell]# cat 5.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av $file [email protected]$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
[[email protected] shell]# chmod a+x 5.expect
[[email protected] shell]# ./5.expect 172.16.111.110 "/tmp/12.txt"
spawn rsync -av /tmp/12.txt [email protected]:/tmp/12.txt
[email protected]‘s password:
sending incremental file list

sent 31 bytes  received 12 bytes  28.67 bytes/sec
total size is 5  speedup is 0.12
[[email protected] shell]#

expect构建文件分发系统

需求背景

对于大公司而言，肯定时不时会有网站或者配置文件更新，而且使用的机器肯定也是好多台，少则几台，多则几十甚至上百台。所以，自动同步文件是至关重要的。

实现思路

首先要有一台模板机器，把要分发的文件准备好，然后只要使用expect脚本批量把需要同步的文件分发到目标机器即可。

核心命令

rsync -av --files-from=list.txt??/[email protected]:/

文件分发系统的实现

## 创建rsync.expect执行脚本
[[email protected] shell]# vi rsync.expect

增加如下脚本内容：

#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av --files-from=$file / [email protected]$host:/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof

## file.list内容，为同步的文件路径列表
[[email protected] shell]# vi /tmp/file.list

增加如下需要同步的文件路径：

/tmp/12.txt
/root/shell/1.sh
/root/111/222/lll.txt

## ip.list内容，为需要同步的远程机器IP列表
[[email protected] shell]# vi /tmp/ip.list

172.16.111.110
127.0.0.1

##创建一个rsync.sh脚本
[[email protected] shell]# vi rsync.sh

#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
    ./rsync.expect $ip /tmp/file.list
done

##加权限执行脚本
[[email protected] shell]# chmod a+x rsync.expect
[[email protected] shell]# sh -x rsync.sh
++ cat /tmp/ip.list
+ for ip in ‘`cat /tmp/ip.list`‘
+ ./rsync.expect 172.16.111.110 /tmp/file.list
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=/tmp/file.list / [email protected]:/
[email protected]‘s password:
building file list ... rsync: link_stat "/root/shell/1.sh" failed: No such file or directory (2)
done
root/
root/111/
root/111/222/
root/111/222/lll.txt/
tmp/

sent 130 bytes  received 27 bytes  314.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5  speedup is 0.03
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1052) [sender=3.0.9]
+ for ip in ‘`cat /tmp/ip.list`‘
+ ./rsync.expect 127.0.0.1 /tmp/file.list
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=/tmp/file.list / [email protected]:/
The authenticity of host ‘127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1)‘ can‘t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 89:19:99:8c:63:ff:d9:e6:19:0d:81:03:27:54:49:78.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘127.0.0.1‘ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]‘s password: [[email protected] shell]#

备注：如果不能保证对方机器有相同的路径就加上R,编辑rsync.expect

注意：做分发系统expect脚本的前提是需要保证机器密码一样，这样会有一个问题就是如果密码泄露的话就会有安全隐患，所以可以做密钥认证增加安全。

[[email protected] shell]# passwd
更改用户 root 的密码 。
新的 密码：
重新输入新的 密码：
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[[email protected] shell]#

批量远程执行命令

1.批量执行命令脚本

[[email protected] shell]# vim exe.expect

增加如下脚本内容：

#!/usr/bin/expect
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd "123456"
set cm [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh [email protected]$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

[[email protected] shell]# chmod a+x exe.expect 

## 定义一个exe的sehll脚本
[[email protected] shell]# vim exe.sh

增加如下脚本内容：

#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
    ./exe.expect $ip "hostname"
done

##执行脚本
[[email protected] shell]# sh exe.sh
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]‘s password:
Last login: Tue Feb 27 11:21:39 2018 from 172.16.111.100
[[email protected] ~]# hostname
garytao-02
[[email protected] ~]# spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]‘s password:
Last login: Tue Feb 27 16:52:17 2018 from 172.16.111.1
[[email protected] ~]# hostname
garytao-01
[[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] shell]#

原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/taoxie/2073579