row_input的使用:
>>> name=raw_input("please input your name:") please input your name:xiaobai >>> name ‘xiaobai‘
编写小程序,询问用户姓名,性别,年龄,工作,工资,以格式化的方式输出:
Information of company stuff:
Name:
Age:
Sex:
Job:
代码:
[[email protected] ~]# vim information_of_stuff.py #!/bin/python name=raw_input("Please input your name:") age=raw_input("Please input your age:") sex=raw_input("Please input your sex:") job=raw_input("Please input your job:") print ‘‘‘ ============================== Information of company stuff: Name: %s Age: %s Sex: %s Job: %s ==============================‘‘‘%(name,age,sex,job)
执行:
[[email protected] ~]# python information_of_stuff.py Please input your name:xiaobai Please input your age:25 Please input your sex:male Please input your job:engineer ============================== Information of company stuff: Name: xiaobai Age: 25 Sex: male Job: engineer ==============================
输入一个0~100直接的数字让用户猜,并且猜测次数不能大于三次。
[[email protected] ~]# vim guess_num.py #!/bin/python import os os.system(‘clear‘) #执行时先清屏 real_num=int(raw_input("please input the real_num from 0 to 100:")) os.system(‘clear‘) #输入让用户猜的数字后清屏 retry_count=0 #设定循环关闭条件 while retry_count<3: #后面加冒号 guess_num=int(raw_input("Please input a number from 0 to 100:")) if guess_num>real_num: print "Wrong! Please try smaller!" retry_count+=1 #自增 elif guess_num<real_num: #多个条件用elif print "Wrong! Please try bigger!" retry_count+=1 else: #最后一个条件用 print "Congurations! You got it!" break #跳出循环 else: print "Too much times!"
Python不像shell,没有fi循环关闭符号,而是通过缩进控制代码层级,同一级代码缩进应保持一致,if和else不属于同一级,缩进不同也可执行,但不符合书写规范。
raw_input输入的是字符串,字符串与数字比较时会自动转为ASCII值进行比较,因此要使用int将其转换为整数类型,break为跳出循环。
ord:将字符串转换为ASCII对应的值。
>>> print ord("a") 97 >>> print ord("1") 49
优化代码,以上代码输入回车或字符串会报错,且数字不是随机值,需要优化。
[[email protected] ~]# vim guess_num.py #!/bin/python import os import random os.system(‘clear‘) real_num=random.randrange(100) os.system(‘clear‘) retry_count=0 while retry_count<3: guess_num=raw_input("Please input a number from 0 to 100:").strip() #去空格回车 if len(guess_num)==0: #判断字符串长度是否为0 continue if guess_num.isdigit(): #判断是否全为数字 guess_num=int(guess_num) else: print "You should input a number instead of string!" continue #跳出当前循环,进行下一次循环 if guess_num>real_num: print "Wrong! Please try smaller!" elif guess_num<real_num: print "Wrong! Please try bigger!" else: print "Congurations! You got the real number %d !"%real_num break retry_count+=1 else: print "Too much times! The real number is",real_num
.strip()表示将输入的空格和回车去掉;
len(guess_num)表示计算字符串的长度;
continue表示跳出当前循环,进行下一次循环;
isdigit()表示判断是否全是数字;
将上述循环更改为for循环:
[[email protected] ~]# vim guess_num_for.py #!/bin/python import os import random os.system(‘clear‘) real_num=random.randrange(100) os.system(‘clear‘) for i in range(3): guess_num=raw_input("Please input a number from 0 to 100:").strip() if len(guess_num)==0: continue if guess_num.isdigit(): guess_num=int(guess_num) else: print "You should input a number instead of string!" continue if guess_num>real_num: print "Wrong! Please try smaller!" elif guess_num<real_num: print "Wrong! Please try bigger!" else: print "Congurations! You got the real number %d !"%real_num break else: print "Too much times! The real number is",real_num
range为数组,其参数分别为起始值,末尾值,步长。
>>> range(10) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> range(2,10,2) [2, 4, 6, 8] >>> range(2,20,5) [2, 7, 12, 17]
设计一个多层循环,用户输入密码正确的话进入目录进行选择,并能退出循环。
[[email protected] ~]# cat mulit_loop.py #!/bin/python passwd="test" logout=False #加跳出的flag for i in range(3): password=raw_input("Please input your password:").strip() if len(password)==0: continue if password==passwd: print "Welcome to login!" while True: user_select=raw_input(‘‘‘ ==================================== Please input a number to continue 1.Send files; 2.Send emalis; 3.exit this level; 4.exit the whole loop. ==================================== ‘‘‘).strip() user_select=int(user_select) if user_select==1: print "Sending files as you wish!" if user_select==2: print "Sending emails as you wish!" if user_select==3: print "Exit this level,please re-input the password!" break if user_select==4: print "Ok, let‘s have a break!" logout=True break if logout==True: break
时间: 2024-11-08 16:53:18