Given a string s and a dictionary of words dict, add spaces in s to construct a sentence where each word is a valid dictionary word.
Return all such possible sentences.
For example, given
s = “catsanddog”,
dict = [“cat”, “cats”, “and”, “sand”, “dog”].
A solution is [“cats and dog”, “cat sand dog”].
思路分析:这题可以用DFS 搜索递归做,基本是brute force的解法,dfs函数要维护的量包括startIndex,preWords和res,startIndex表示当前进行word break的起点,也就是说前面如果已经被break了,应该排除在外。preWords主要维护目前已经breaked的string前面的部分,后面从startIndex一旦发现新的word可以添加到preWords之后,dfs返回的条件是当startIndex已经越界,也就是>=s.length()了,就把当前得到的word break方案加入res。从题目的实例我们也可以看出,同一个字符串可以有多个word break方案,因此我们从前向后scan 字符串发现第一个可以break的词的时候需要更新preWords进行dfs递归调用。这题是NP问题,时间复杂度为O(2^n)也就是指数级别。 这类DFS递归搜索的题目有很多,除了word break,还有八皇后,Sudoku Solver等等,都是这类题目,在面试中很常见,要多加练习。
AC Code:以下是brute force DFS搜索AC的从code。由于LeetCode有一个很长的不能break的测试用例,因此把word break I 判断能否break的函数作为sub routine,先判断一下能否break,如果不能直接返回空容器。
1 public class Solution { 2 public List<String> wordBreak(String s, Set<String> dict) { 3 ArrayList<String> res = new ArrayList<String>(); 4 if(s == null || s.isEmpty() || !wordBreakCanDo(s, dict)){ 5 return res; 6 } 7 dfs(s, dict, 0, "", res); 8 return res; 9 } 10 11 //10:08 12 public void dfs(String s, Set<String> dict, int startIndex, String preWords, ArrayList<String> res){ 13 if(startIndex >= s.length()){ 14 //return contition is that the startIndex has been out of bound 15 res.add(preWords); 16 return; 17 } 18 for(int i = startIndex; i < s.length(); i++){ 19 String curStr = s.substring(startIndex, i+1); 20 if(dict.contains(curStr)){ 21 String newSol; 22 if(preWords.length() > 0){ 23 newSol = preWords + " " + curStr; 24 } else { 25 newSol = curStr; 26 } 27 dfs(s, dict, i + 1, newSol, res); 28 } 29 } 30 } 31 //1021 32 33 public boolean wordBreakCanDo(String s, Set<String> dict) { 34 s = "#" + s; 35 boolean[] canSegmented = new boolean[s.length()]; 36 37 canSegmented[0] = true; 38 for(int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++){ 39 for(int k = 0; k < i; k++){ 40 canSegmented[i] = canSegmented[k] && dict.contains(s.substring(k + 1, i + 1)); 41 if(canSegmented[i]) break; 42 } 43 } 44 return canSegmented[s.length() - 1]; 45 } 46 }
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/yangliuy/article/details/43602313