原来我做爬虫的时候，对页面进行解析的时候总是用很简单粗暴的方法，直接找规律。后来在网上看到了gumbo，尝试了一下，发现确实很好用，所以向大家推荐一下。
以下转自：http://blog.csdn.net/whyistao/article/details/37919581
1.c++好像没有太多的html解析库可以用，最后试着在qt里面集成了htmlcxx，一开始在pro里面写了 includepath += 路径，发现仍然没有用
后来发现只要在 HEADERS 和 SOURCES 里面 把htmlcxx的c文件和.h文件 +=进去就行了，像这样:
SOURCES += main.cpp html/utils.cc html/Uri.cc html/ParserSax.cc html/ParserDom.cc html/Node.cc html/Extensions.cc
HEADERS += mainwindow.h html/utils.h html/Uri.h html/tree.h html/ParserSax.h html/ParserDom.h html/Node.h html/Extensions.h html/debug.h html/ci_string.h html/wincstring.h html/tld.h
参考了: htmlcxx for qt(mingw) http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-21525518-id-1824657.html
2.使用gumbo解析
导入c和h文件方法同上，记一下gumbo常用类型
GumboOutput
用GumboOutput来解析html源码，然后output->root即为根节点。
GumboOutput* output = gumbo_parse(htmlString.c_str());
GumboNode* node = output->root
GumboNode 节点
GumboNode node;
获得节点里面的东西
node->v->text // 节点的文本
node->v.element.children // 获得节点的子节点列表
node->type //节点的类型
GumboVector 节点容器
比如可以 GumboVector * children = node->v.element.children; 来获得节点的子节点列表
(GumboNode*) ( children->data[i] ) //获得这个节点列表的第i个节点
GumboAttribute 节点属性
GumboAttribute* href;
if (node->v.element.tag == GUMBO_TAG_A && (href = gumbo_get_attribute(&node->v.element.attributes, "href")))
{ std::cout << href->value << std::endl; }
节点的类型
ELEMENT_NODE，普通元素节点，如<html>,<p>,<div>,<span>,<img>
ATTRIBUTE_NODE，元素属性
TEXT_NODE，文本节点
CDATA_SECTION_NODE，即<![CDATA[ ]]>
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE，实体引用，如&
ENTITY_NODE，实体，如<!ENTITY copyright “Copyright 2010, impng. All rights reserved”]>
PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE，PI，处理指令，如<?xml version=”1.0″?>
COMMENT_NODE，注释<!– –>
DOCUMENT_NODE，根节点，即document.nodeType
DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE，DTD，文档类型<!DOCTYPE >
DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE，文档片段
NOTATION_NODE，DTD中定义的记号
在代码里的节点类型可以有如下几种 (使用方法 node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT )
typedef enum {
/** Document node. v will be a GumboDocument. */
GUMBO_NODE_DOCUMENT,
/** Element node. v will be a GumboElement. */
GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT,
/** Text node. v will be a GumboText. */
GUMBO_NODE_TEXT,
/** CDATA node. v will be a GumboText. */
GUMBO_NODE_CDATA,
/** Comment node. v. will be a GumboText, excluding comment delimiters. */
GUMBO_NODE_COMMENT,
/** Text node, where all contents is whitespace. v will be a GumboText. */
GUMBO_NODE_WHITESPACE
} GumboNodeType;
标签类型: (使用方法 node->v.element.tag != GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT )
typedef enum {
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#the-root-element
GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#document-metadata
GUMBO_TAG_HEAD,
GUMBO_TAG_TITLE,
GUMBO_TAG_BASE,
GUMBO_TAG_LINK,
GUMBO_TAG_META,
GUMBO_TAG_STYLE,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/scripting-1.html#scripting-1
GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT,
GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT,
GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#sections
GUMBO_TAG_BODY,
GUMBO_TAG_ARTICLE,
GUMBO_TAG_SECTION,
GUMBO_TAG_NAV,
GUMBO_TAG_ASIDE,
GUMBO_TAG_H1,
GUMBO_TAG_H2,
GUMBO_TAG_H3,
GUMBO_TAG_H4,
GUMBO_TAG_H5,
GUMBO_TAG_H6,
GUMBO_TAG_HGROUP,
GUMBO_TAG_HEADER,
GUMBO_TAG_FOOTER,
GUMBO_TAG_ADDRESS,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#grouping-content
GUMBO_TAG_P,
GUMBO_TAG_HR,
GUMBO_TAG_PRE,
GUMBO_TAG_BLOCKQUOTE,
GUMBO_TAG_OL,
GUMBO_TAG_UL,
GUMBO_TAG_LI,
GUMBO_TAG_DL,
GUMBO_TAG_DT,
GUMBO_TAG_DD,
GUMBO_TAG_FIGURE,
GUMBO_TAG_FIGCAPTION,
GUMBO_TAG_MAIN,
GUMBO_TAG_DIV,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#text-level-semantics
GUMBO_TAG_A,
GUMBO_TAG_EM,
GUMBO_TAG_STRONG,
GUMBO_TAG_SMALL,
GUMBO_TAG_S,
GUMBO_TAG_CITE,
GUMBO_TAG_Q,
GUMBO_TAG_DFN,
GUMBO_TAG_ABBR,
GUMBO_TAG_DATA,
GUMBO_TAG_TIME,
GUMBO_TAG_CODE,
GUMBO_TAG_VAR,
GUMBO_TAG_SAMP,
GUMBO_TAG_KBD,
GUMBO_TAG_SUB,
GUMBO_TAG_SUP,
GUMBO_TAG_I,
GUMBO_TAG_B,
GUMBO_TAG_U,
GUMBO_TAG_MARK,
GUMBO_TAG_RUBY,
GUMBO_TAG_RT,
GUMBO_TAG_RP,
GUMBO_TAG_BDI,
GUMBO_TAG_BDO,
GUMBO_TAG_SPAN,
GUMBO_TAG_BR,
GUMBO_TAG_WBR,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/edits.html#edits
GUMBO_TAG_INS,
GUMBO_TAG_DEL,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/embedded-content-1.html#embedded-content-1
GUMBO_TAG_IMAGE,
GUMBO_TAG_IMG,
GUMBO_TAG_IFRAME,
GUMBO_TAG_EMBED,
GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT,
GUMBO_TAG_PARAM,
GUMBO_TAG_VIDEO,
GUMBO_TAG_AUDIO,
GUMBO_TAG_SOURCE,
GUMBO_TAG_TRACK,
GUMBO_TAG_CANVAS,
GUMBO_TAG_MAP,
GUMBO_TAG_AREA,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-map-element.html#mathml
GUMBO_TAG_MATH,
GUMBO_TAG_MI,
GUMBO_TAG_MO,
GUMBO_TAG_MN,
GUMBO_TAG_MS,
GUMBO_TAG_MTEXT,
GUMBO_TAG_MGLYPH,
GUMBO_TAG_MALIGNMARK,
GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-map-element.html#svg-0
GUMBO_TAG_SVG,
GUMBO_TAG_FOREIGNOBJECT,
GUMBO_TAG_DESC,
// SVG title tags will have GUMBO_TAG_TITLE as with HTML.
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/tabular-data.html#tabular-data
GUMBO_TAG_TABLE,
GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION,
GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP,
GUMBO_TAG_COL,
GUMBO_TAG_TBODY,
GUMBO_TAG_THEAD,
GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT,
GUMBO_TAG_TR,
GUMBO_TAG_TD,
GUMBO_TAG_TH,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/forms.html#forms
GUMBO_TAG_FORM,
GUMBO_TAG_FIELDSET,
GUMBO_TAG_LEGEND,
GUMBO_TAG_LABEL,
GUMBO_TAG_INPUT,
GUMBO_TAG_BUTTON,
GUMBO_TAG_SELECT,
GUMBO_TAG_DATALIST,
GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP,
GUMBO_TAG_OPTION,
GUMBO_TAG_TEXTAREA,
GUMBO_TAG_KEYGEN,
GUMBO_TAG_OUTPUT,
GUMBO_TAG_PROGRESS,
GUMBO_TAG_METER,
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/interactive-elements.html#interactive-elements
GUMBO_TAG_DETAILS,
GUMBO_TAG_SUMMARY,
GUMBO_TAG_MENU,
GUMBO_TAG_MENUITEM,
// Non-conforming elements that nonetheless appear in the HTML5 spec.
// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/obsolete.html#non-conforming-features
GUMBO_TAG_APPLET,
GUMBO_TAG_ACRONYM,
GUMBO_TAG_BGSOUND,
GUMBO_TAG_DIR,
GUMBO_TAG_FRAME,
GUMBO_TAG_FRAMESET,
GUMBO_TAG_NOFRAMES,
GUMBO_TAG_ISINDEX,
GUMBO_TAG_LISTING,
GUMBO_TAG_XMP,
GUMBO_TAG_NEXTID,
GUMBO_TAG_NOEMBED,
GUMBO_TAG_PLAINTEXT,
GUMBO_TAG_RB,
GUMBO_TAG_STRIKE,
GUMBO_TAG_BASEFONT,
GUMBO_TAG_BIG,
GUMBO_TAG_BLINK,
GUMBO_TAG_CENTER,
GUMBO_TAG_FONT,
GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE,
GUMBO_TAG_MULTICOL,
GUMBO_TAG_NOBR,
GUMBO_TAG_SPACER,
GUMBO_TAG_TT,
// Used for all tags that don‘t have special handling in HTML.
GUMBO_TAG_UNKNOWN,
// A marker value to indicate the end of the enum, for iterating over it.
// Also used as the terminator for varargs functions that take tags.
GUMBO_TAG_LAST,
} GumboTag;
3.使用gumbo的时候，报了一个RtlWerpReportException failed with status code :-1073741823 错，
一开始以为是堆栈溢出的问题，后来发现是自己代码逻辑没写对，最好对照着官方demo的用法去写
if (node->v.element.tag == GUMBO_TAG_A && (href = gumbo_get_attribute(&node->v.element.attributes, "href")))
{ std::cout << href->value << std::endl; }
4.编译gumbo的时候报了一个错
错误:‘for‘ loop initial declarations are only allowed in C99 mode
所以在项目pro配置里要加上这两句
QMAKE_CFLAGS_DEBUG += --std=c99
QMAKE_CFLAGS_RELEASE += --std=c99
转载请注明：http://www.cnblogs.com/fnlingnzb-learner/p/5835428.html
时间： 2024-08-23 07:29:05