缓冲区本质上是一块可以写入数据,然后可以从中读取数据的内存。Channel 通道就是将数据传输给 ByteBuffer 对象或者从 ByteBuffer 对象获取数据进行传输。
Channel 用于在字节缓冲区和位于通道另一侧的实体(通常是一个文件或套接字)之间有效地传输数据。常用Channel有FileChannel、SocketChannel、DatagramChannel、ServerSocketChannelSocket 可以通过socket 通道的工厂方法直接创建。但是FileChannel 对象却只能通过在一个打开的 RandomAccessFile、FileInputStream 或 FileOutputStream对象上调用 getChannel( )方法来获取。通道可以以阻塞(blocking)或非阻塞(nonblocking)模式运行。只有面向流的(stream-oriented)的通道,如 sockets 和 pipes 才能使用非阻塞模式。 1.打开通道 a.打开FileChannel,以RandomAccessFile为例 :
RandomAccessFile aFile = new RandomAccessFile("G:\\we.txt", "rw"); FileChannel inChannel = aFile.getChannel();
b.打开SocketChannel:
SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(); socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",9011));
c.打开ServerSocketChannel
ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open( ); ssc.socket( ).bind (new InetSocketAddress (9011));
2.使用通道
a.使用FileChannel从指定文件中读取数据:
/** * @author tangquanbin * @date 2018/10/18 21:00 */ public class ChannelTest { public static void main(String[] args) { //RandomAccessFile、FileInputStream 或 FileOutputStream的close()会同时关闭chanel。 try (RandomAccessFile aFile = new RandomAccessFile("F:\\test.txt", "rw")) { //1.FileChannel 对象却只能通过在一个打开的 RandomAccessFile、FileInputStream 或 FileOutputStream对象上调用 getChannel( )方法来获取 //2.三个 socket 通道类:SocketChannel、ServerSocketChannel 和 DatagramChannel有可以直接创建新 socket 通道的工厂方法 //随机流, mode 的值可选 "r":可读,"w" :可写,"rw":可读写; FileChannel inChannel = aFile.getChannel(); ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(48); int bytesRead = inChannel.read(buf); while (bytesRead != -1) { //通过flip()方法将Buffer从写模式切换到读模式 buf.flip(); while (buf.hasRemaining()) { System.out.print((char) buf.get()); } //两种方式能清空缓冲区:调用clear()或compact()方法,clear()方法会清空整个缓冲区。compact()方法只会清除已经读过的数据 buf.clear(); bytesRead = inChannel.read(buf); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
b.在两个通道中复制数据:
/** * 在通道之间复制数据 * @author tangquanbin * @date 2018/10/18 21:12 */ public class ChannelCopy { public static void main(String[] argv) throws IOException { FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("G:\\test.txt"); FileChannel inChanel = inputStream.getChannel(); FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("G:\\copyTest.txt"); FileChannel outChanel = outputStream.getChannel(); //channelCopy1 channelCopy2方法都是两个通道复制数据 channelCopy1(inChanel, outChanel); // channelCopy2 (inChanel, outChanel); inChanel.close(); outChanel.close(); } /** * * @param inChanel * @param outChanel * @throws IOException */ private static void channelCopy1(FileChannel inChanel, FileChannel outChanel) throws IOException { ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(16 * 1024); //将数据从输入通道读入缓冲区 while (inChanel.read(buffer) != -1) { // buffer切换到读模式 buffer.flip(); while (buffer.hasRemaining()) { //如果buffer中有数据就将数据写入输出通道 outChanel.write(buffer); } // buffer切换到写模式,确保缓冲区为空,准备继续填充数据 buffer.clear(); } } private static void channelCopy2(FileChannel inChanel, FileChannel outChanel) throws IOException { ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(16 * 1024); while (inChanel.read(buffer) != -1) { // Prepare the buffer to be drained buffer.flip(); // Write to the channel; may block outChanel.write(buffer); // If partial transfer, shift remainder down // If buffer is empty, same as doing clear( ) buffer.compact(); } // EOF will leave buffer in fill state buffer.flip(); // Make sure that the buffer is fully drained while (buffer.hasRemaining()) { outChanel.write(buffer); } }
c.注意:一个连接到只读文件的 Channel 实例不能进行写操作,即使该实例所属的类可能有 write( )方法;FileChannel 实现 ByteChannel
下面是ByteChannel的源码:
public interface ByteChannel extends ReadableByteChannel, WritableByteChannel { }
可以看到ByteChannel其实什么也不做,这样设计起到了聚集的作用。
FileChannel 接口既有write也有read方法,为何说不能写呢?那是当使用只读流获取通道时:
/** * @author tangquanbin * @date 2018/10/18 21:15 */ public class ChannelOnlyReadTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try { ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(48); // 但是从 FileInputStream 对象的getChannel( )方法获取的 FileChannel 对象是只读的,因为 FileInputStream 对象总是以 read-only 的权限打开文件 FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream ("G:\\we.txt"); FileChannel channel = input.getChannel( ); // 抛出 java.nio.channels.NonWritableChannelException channel.write (buffer); //FileInputStream的close同时会关闭chanel input.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
上面的代码运行会报错:java.nio.channels.NonWritableChannelException
因为:从 FileInputStream 对象的getChannel( )方法获取的 FileChannel 对象是只读的,因为 FileInputStream 对象总是以 read-only 的权限打开文件。所以没有写权限。
之前我们用ServerSocket创建服务器的栗子中服务器是阻塞的。那NIO怎么实现非阻塞呢?
上面讲的FileChannel 是非阻塞的,因为没有依靠SelectableChannel 超类。全部 socket 通道类(DatagramChannel、 SocketChannel 和 ServerSocketChannel) 都可以设置成非阻塞的。
这里就要用到SelectableChannel 的方法
public abstract SelectableChannel configureBlocking(boolean block) throws IOException;
通道设置configureBlocking方法为false就表示非阻塞模式。
下面是一个客服端和服务器代码说明;
客服端:
/** * @author tangquanbin * @date 2018/10/18 21:08 */ public class ScoketChannelClient { public static void main(String[] args) { SocketChannel socketChannel = null; try { ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap ("客服端".getBytes()); //获取SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(); //设置通道为非阻塞 socketChannel.configureBlocking(false); //连接 socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",9011)); //connect(InetSocketAddress) 等价于 open(InetSocketAddress) //SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",9010)); //一些判断 if (!socketChannel.isBlocking()){ System.out.println("非阻塞"); } while (!socketChannel.finishConnect()){ System.out.println("连接没有建立"); } System.out.println("连接已建立"); if (socketChannel.isConnected()){ System.out.println("连接已建立"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { assert socketChannel != null; socketChannel.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
服务器:
package com.nio.java; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; /** * ServerSocketChannel * @author tangquanbin * @date 2018/10/18 21:29 */ public class ChannelAccept { public static final String HELLO = "Hello I am server.\r\n"; public static void main (String [] argv)throws Exception{ int port = 9011; if (argv.length > 0) { port = Integer.parseInt (argv [0]); } ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open( ); serverSocketChannel.socket( ).bind (new InetSocketAddress (port)); //非阻塞模式 serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking (false); while (true) { System.out.println ("Waiting for connections"); //如果以非阻塞模式被调用,当没有传入连接在等待时,ServerSocketChannel.accept( )会立即返回 null SocketChannel sc = serverSocketChannel.accept( ); if (sc == null) { // 没有连接。。。睡觉 Thread.sleep (2000); } else { System.out.println ("Incoming connection from: "+ sc.socket().getRemoteSocketAddress( )); //wrap buffer的另一种创建方式 ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap (HELLO.getBytes( )); //可以使用 rewind()后退,重读已经被flip()的缓冲区中的数据。 buffer.rewind( ); sc.write (buffer); } } } }
Scatter/Gather( ScatteringByteChannel
和 GatheringByteChannel
)
矢量化的 I/O 使您可以在多个缓冲区上自动执行一个 I/O 操作。使用多个而不是单个缓冲区来保存数据的读写方法。处理复杂数据结构时用。
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tangquanbin/p/9809907.html