1644: [Usaco2007 Oct]Obstacle Course 障碍训练课
Time Limit: 5 Sec Memory Limit: 64 MB
Submit: 383 Solved: 196
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Description
考虑一个 N x N (1 <= N <= 100)的有1个个方格组成的正方形牧场。有些方格是奶牛们不能踏上的，它们被标记为了‘x‘。例如下图：
. . B x .
. x x A .
. . . x .
. x . . .
. . x . .
贝茜发现自己恰好在点A处，她想去B处的盐块舔盐。缓慢而且笨拙的动物，比如奶牛，十分讨厌转弯。尽管如此，当然在必要的时候她们还是会转弯的。对于一个给定的牧场，请你计算从A到B最少的转弯次数。开始的时候，贝茜可以使面对任意一个方向。贝茜知道她一定可以到达。
Input
第 1行: 一个整数 N 行
2..N + 1: 行 i+1 有 N 个字符 (‘.‘, ‘x‘, ‘A‘, ‘B‘)，表示每个点的状态。
Output
行 1: 一个整数，最少的转弯次数。
Sample Input
3
.xA
...
Bx.
Sample Output
2
HINT
Source
题解：（HansBug：太开心啦，这道题我又逗比啦哈哈哈 wnjxyk：汗= =）
其实虽然这道题也是个BFS水题，但是和一般的走迷宫问题相比，这道题有个坑点——对于一个点先遍历到的未必是最优的，其实就算是当前最优也由于在本题中由于涉及方向问题，所以对后续来说也未必最优，而如果简单的灌水法的话，则会由于遍历过了而导致真正的最优值无法被更新
如，数据中的第5个点：
33
.......xA.....x.......x..........
...x...........x.........x.......
........x.xx.....x.x.............
.....x.....x.........x...........
.....x................x.x........
......x..x....x.........xx.......
...................x......x......
...x.....x....................x..
....x..........................x.
x................................
.................................
.....x...x..x....................
.............................x...
...................x.........x...
...............x...x....x...x....
..........xx.......x..x..........
................................x
..............................xx.
..x...............x.x............
.x....x...............x....x....x
..x......xx.......x.x.......x....
................x...xx.....x.x..x
.x.............x........x...x.x..
.............................x.x.
.........................x......x
.....x.......x............xx...xx
........x....x.....xx.x.....xx.x.
...........x...x........x.x...xxB
.x.x.x.............x...........x.
x.............x................x.
.........x.x.....x.....x.....x...
........x..............xx.....x..
..............xx......x.x.....x..
（2，10）位置上最优值显然是1，而且无论怎么遍历都是1
但是（3，10）由于涉及来源于（2，10）的方向问题，所以很可能弄出个2作最优解，但事实上正解是1
说了这些就没了，继续AC
1 /************************************************************** 2 Problem: 1644 3 User: HansBug 4 Language: Pascal 5 Result: Accepted 6 Time:32 ms 7 Memory:1728 kb 8 ****************************************************************/ 9 10 const dd:array[1..4,1..2] of longint=((1,0),(-1,0),(0,1),(0,-1)); 11 var 12 i,j,k,l,m,n,x0,y0,x1,y1,f,r,x,y:longint; 13 b:array[0..205,0..205] of longint; 14 a:array[0..205,0..205] of longint; 15 d:array[0..100000,0..2] of longint; 16 ch:char; 17 function min(x,y:longint):longint; 18 begin 19 if x<y then min:=x else min:=y; 20 end; 21 function max(x,y:longint):longint; 22 begin 23 if x>y then max:=x else max:=y; 24 end; 25 26 begin 27 readln(n); 28 fillchar(b,sizeof(b),0); 29 fillchar(a,sizeof(a),0); 30 for i:=0 to n+1 do 31 begin 32 b[0,i]:=1; 33 b[n+1,i]:=1; 34 b[i,0]:=1; 35 b[i,n+1]:=1; 36 end; 37 for i:=1 to n do 38 begin 39 for j:=1 to n do 40 begin 41 read(ch); 42 case upcase(ch) of 43 ‘.‘:b[i,j]:=0; 44 ‘A‘:begin 45 x0:=i;y0:=j; 46 b[i,j]:=1; 47 end; 48 ‘B‘:begin 49 x1:=i;y1:=j; 50 b[i,j]:=0; 51 end; 52 ‘X‘:b[i,j]:=1; 53 end; 54 end; 55 readln; 56 end; 57 f:=1;r:=2;d[1,1]:=x0;d[1,2]:=y0; 58 a[x0,y0]:=1;a[x0,y0]:=1;a[x0,y0]:=1;a[x0,y0]:=1; 59 while f<r do 60 begin 61 for i:=1 to 4 do 62 begin 63 x:=d[f,1];y:=d[f,2]; 64 while true do 65 begin 66 x:=x+dd[i,1]; 67 y:=y+dd[i,2]; 68 if b[x,y]=1 then break; 69 l:=a[d[f,1],d[f,2]]+1; 70 if (l>=a[x,y]) and (a[x,y]>0) then continue; 71 a[x,y]:=l; 72 if (x=x1) and (y=y1) then 73 begin 74 writeln(a[x,y]-2); 75 readln; 76 halt; 77 end; 78 d[r,1]:=x;d[r,2]:=y; 79 inc(r); 80 end; 81 82 end; 83 inc(f); 84 end; 85 end.