WebSocket 上
联系客服功能在项目中很难避免,一般有下面三种实现方式:
- 使用http的get方式轮询
- 接入第三方IM系统
- 自己的IM系统
- 基于socket
- 基于websocket
第一种方式,最low的,实现简单,但是浪费用户流量;第二种方式,接入简单,功能强大,但是可能需要一定的成本(比如付费);第三种方式,需要一定的开发成本(服务器托管费用忽略)。对于第三种情况的 socket,实现IM的文字加音视频聊天,做过的话你可以也会直接懵逼。但是,简单的文字聊天还好,不过你还是需要去定义一些协议来实现这样一个功能。如果我们使用websocket,那事情就变的简单很多。
WebSocket一种在单个 TCP 连接上进行全双工通讯的协议。WebSocket通信协议于2011年被IETF定为标准RFC 6455,并被RFC7936所补充规范,WebSocketAPI被W3C定为标准。
WebSocket 是独立的、创建在 TCP 上的协议,和 HTTP 的唯一关联是使用 HTTP 协议的101状态码进行协议切换,使用的 TCP 端口是80,可以用于绕过大多数防火墙的限制。
WebSocket 使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单,允许服务端直接向客户端推送数据而不需要客户端进行请求,在 WebSocket API 中,浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手,两者之间就直接可以创建持久性的连接,并允许数据进行双向传送。
目前常见的浏览器如 Chrome、IE、Firefox、Safari、Opera 等都支持 WebSocket,同时需要服务端程序支持 WebSocket。
来自维基百科 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket
websocket只是一种协议,类似http,因此与语言无关。这里我使用java来做服务端,同时提供android和html的客户端,通过一个简单的demo来介绍websocket的使用,接下来的一篇会对websocket进行分析。
服务端
这里我使用 Java-WebSocket 这个库来实现 websocket server。需要的jar包位于项目的 /Java-WebSocket/dist/java-websocket.jar
位置。效果如下:
代码如下:
public class SocketServer extends WebSocketServer {
private static final int PORT = 2333;
public static void main(String[] args) {
SocketServer server = new SocketServer(PORT);
server.start();
try {
String ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress();
int port = server.getPort();
print(String.format("服务已启动: %s:%d", ip, port));
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(in);
while (true) {
try {
String msg = reader.readLine();
server.broadcastMessage(msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public SocketServer(int port) {
super(new InetSocketAddress(port));
}
public SocketServer(InetSocketAddress address) {
super(address);
}
@Override
public void onOpen(WebSocket webSocket, ClientHandshake clientHandshake) {
String address = webSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress();
String message = String.format("(%s) <加入>", address);
broadcastMessage(message);
print(message);
}
@Override
public void onClose(WebSocket webSocket, int code, String reason, boolean remote) {
String address = webSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress();
String message = String.format("(%s) <离开>", address);
broadcastMessage(message);
print(message);
}
@Override
public void onMessage(WebSocket webSocket, String msg) {
String address = webSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress();
String message = String.format("(%s) %s", address, msg);
broadcastMessage(message);
print(message);
}
@Override
public void onError(WebSocket webSocket, Exception e) {
if (null != webSocket) {
if (!webSocket.isClosed()) {
webSocket.close(0);
}
}
e.printStackTrace();
}
/**
* 广播收到消息
*
* @param msg
*/
private void broadcastMessage(String msg) {
Collection<WebSocket> connections = connections();
synchronized (connections) {
for (WebSocket client : connections) {
client.send(msg);
}
}
}
private static void print(String msg) {
System.out.println(String.format("[%d] %s", System.currentTimeMillis(), msg));
}
}
客户端
- Android
这里也是用java-websocket这个库,效果如下:
核心代码:
public class WebSocketActivity extends BaseActivity { private static final int STATUS_CLOSE = 0; private static final int STATUS_CONNECT = 1; private static final int STATUS_MESSAGE = 2; @Bind(R.id.etIP) EditText etIP; @Bind(R.id.etPort) EditText etPort; @Bind(R.id.tvStatus) TextView tvStatus; @Bind(R.id.tvMsg) TextView tvMsg; @Bind(R.id.rgVersion) RadioGroup rgVersion; @Bind(R.id.etMessage) EditText etMessage; @Bind(R.id.svContent) ScrollView svContent; @Bind(R.id.viewMain) View viewMain; @Bind(R.id.btConnect) Button btConnect; @Bind(R.id.btDisconnect) Button btDisconnect; @Bind(R.id.btSend) Button btSend; @OnClick({R.id.btConnect, R.id.btDisconnect, R.id.btSend}) public void onClick(View view) { switch (view.getId()) { case R.id.btConnect: connectToServer(); break; case R.id.btDisconnect: if (null != mClient) { mClient.close(); } break; case R.id.btSend: if (null != mClient) { String msg = etMessage.getText().toString(); if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(msg)) { try { mClient.send(msg); } catch (NotYetConnectedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return; } etMessage.setText(""); } } break; default: break; } } private Client mClient; private Handler mHandle = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { String message = String.format("[%d] %s\n", System.currentTimeMillis(), msg.obj.toString()); tvMsg.append(message); switch (msg.what) { case STATUS_CONNECT: btConnect.setEnabled(false); btDisconnect.setEnabled(true); btSend.setEnabled(true); break; case STATUS_CLOSE: btConnect.setEnabled(true); btDisconnect.setEnabled(false); btSend.setEnabled(false); break; case STATUS_MESSAGE: // TODO: 16/8/24 break; default: break; } svContent.postDelayed(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { svContent.fullScroll(View.FOCUS_DOWN); } }, 100); } }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_web_socket); ButterKnife.bind(this); System.setProperty("java.net.preferIPv6Addresses", "false"); System.setProperty("java.net.preferIPv4Stack", "true"); } private void connectToServer() { String ip = etIP.getText().toString(); String port = etPort.getText().toString(); if (TextUtils.isEmpty(ip) || TextUtils.isEmpty(port)) { Snackbar.make(viewMain, "IP and Port 不能为空", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG).show(); return; } String address = String.format("ws://%s:%s", ip, port); Draft draft = null; switch (rgVersion.getCheckedRadioButtonId()) { case R.id.rbDraft10: draft = new Draft_10(); break; case R.id.rbDraft17: draft = new Draft_17(); break; case R.id.rbDraft75: draft = new Draft_75(); break; case R.id.rbDraft76: draft = new Draft_76(); break; default: draft = new Draft_17(); break; } try { URI uri = new URI(address); mClient = new Client(uri, draft); mClient.connect(); } catch (URISyntaxException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return; } tvStatus.setText(address); } private class Client extends WebSocketClient { public Client(URI serverURI) { super(serverURI); } public Client(URI serverUri, Draft draft) { super(serverUri, draft); } @Override public void onOpen(ServerHandshake handShakeData) { Message msg = new Message(); msg.what = STATUS_CONNECT; msg.obj = String.format("[Welcome:%s]", getURI()); mHandle.sendMessage(msg); } @Override public void onMessage(String message) { Message msg = new Message(); msg.what = STATUS_MESSAGE; msg.obj = message; mHandle.sendMessage(msg); } @Override public void onClose(int code, String reason, boolean remote) { Message msg = new Message(); msg.what = STATUS_CLOSE; msg.obj = String.format("[Bye:%s]", getURI()); mHandle.sendMessage(msg); } @Override public void onError(Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } }
- Html
H5使用了这个库,效果如下:
核心代码如下:
<script type="text/javascript"> document.observe("dom:loaded", function () { function log(text) { var value = (new Date).getTime(); value += ": "; value += text.escapeHTML(); value += $("log").innerHTML; $("log").innerHTML = value; } if (!window.WebSocket) { alert("浏览器不支持,换一个吧"); } var ws; $("connectForm").observe("submit", function (e) { e.stop(); ws = new WebSocket($F("uri")); ws.onopen = function () { log("连接到服务器\n"); } ws.onmessage = function (e) { log("服务器信息: " + e.data + "\n"); } ws.onclose = function () { log("断开服务器连接\n"); $("uri", "connect").invoke("enable"); $("close").disable(); ws = null; } $("uri", "connect").invoke("disable"); $("close").enable(); }); $("close").observe("click", function (e) { e.stop(); if (ws) { ws.close(); ws = null; } }); $("sendForm").observe("submit", function (e) { e.stop(); if (ws) { var message = $("message"); ws.send(message.value); message.value = ""; message.focus(); } }); }); </script>
所有的代码都可以到github查看。下一篇将通过对websocket协议的分析,来对其做进一步的了解。
参考:
1. https://github.com/sstephenson/prototype
2. https://github.com/TooTallNate/Java-WebSocket/
3. http://www.cnblogs.com/wlfcolin/p/5193583.html