Spring温习--邮件发送实现 / 憋错料

Spring对邮件发送支持的很好，我们只要配置好邮件发送器，写好邮件发送具体操作类的方法，那么实现就不是很难的事，不过这个过程中经常会出现这样或那样的错误，所以待讲完本篇后我会总体总结下spring邮件发送容易发生的错误及解决办法

关于邮件发送，不外乎有这么几种情况，一种是纯文本的发送，一种是HTML形式的发送，一种就是发送时带有附件，一种就是发送时采取的事群发，针对这几个我将一一来讲下，我的代码中将第一中归为一大类，后面三种归为一代类，所以将会出现两种配置文件

第一大类邮件发送【纯文本发送】

必须包：spring.jar,common-logging.jar,mail.jar,servlet.jar，common-collection.jar

首先我们来看spring配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
			http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
			http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
			http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    <!--定义邮件发送器，配置好发送者详细信息-->
	<bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
		<property name="host" value="smtp.163.com" />
		<property name="port" value="25" />
		<property name="username" value="emailusername" />
		<property name="password" value="emailpassword" />
		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
		<property name="javaMailProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="emailService" class="com.javacrazyer.comon.SendOrderConfirmationEmailAdvice">
		<property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender" />
	</bean>

</beans>

用到的实体类Order.java

package com.javacrazyer.comon;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Order implements Serializable {

	/* Private Fields */

	private int orderId;
	private String username;
	private String useremail;

	public int getOrderId() {
		return orderId;
	}

	public void setOrderId(int orderId) {
		this.orderId = orderId;
	}

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public String getUseremail() {
		return useremail;
	}

	public void setUseremail(String useremail) {
		this.useremail = useremail;
	}

}

邮件发送类的接口类MailService.java

package com.javacrazyer.comon;

/**
 * 使用Spring发送邮件
 *
 */

public interface MailService {

	void sendOrderMail(Order order);

}

具体实现的邮件发送类SendOrderConfirmationEmailAdvice.java

package com.javacrazyer.comon;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;

public class SendOrderConfirmationEmailAdvice implements MailService{

	private String from="[email protected]"; //发送人邮箱地址,必须与spring配置文件中的邮箱地址一样
	private String registeTemplateName = "com/javacrazyer/comon/mail_registe.txt";
	private MailSender mailSender;

	public void setMailSender(MailSender mailSender) {
        this.mailSender = mailSender;
    }

	public void sendOrderMail(Order order) {
		//SimpleMialMessage只能用来发送TEXT格式的邮件
		SimpleMailMessage mail = new SimpleMailMessage();
		mail.setFrom(this.from);
		mail.setTo(order.getUseremail());
		mail.setSubject("恭喜你成功注册成为SOMEDAY商城的会员!");
		mail.setText(loadTemplateContent(registeTemplateName).replaceAll("\\$\\{LOGINNAME\\}", order.getUsername()));
		this.mailSender.send(mail);

	}

	private String loadTemplateContent(String templateName){
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		BufferedReader br= null;
		try{
			br = new BufferedReader(
					new InputStreamReader(
						Thread.currentThread()
							  .getContextClassLoader()
							  .getResourceAsStream(templateName), "UTF-8"));

			String lineSeparator = System.getProperty("line.separator");
			for(String str = null; (str = br.readLine()) != null;){
				sb.append(str);
				sb.append(lineSeparator);
			}
		}catch(IOException e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(br != null){
				try {
					br.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}

		return sb.toString();
	}

}

用到的mail_registe.txt

亲爱的${LOGINNAME}：您好!
恭喜你成为SOMEDAY商城的会员!

你的登录用户名为：${LOGINNAME}
你的登录口令为：******(隐藏)

本站网址：http://www.yoursitename.cn
联系邮箱：[email protected]

测试发送

package com.javacrazyer.service.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.javacrazyer.comon.MailService;
import com.javacrazyer.comon.Order;

public class UserServiceTest {

	@Test
	public void test() throws InterruptedException {
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
				"applicationContext.xml");
		MailService sf = (MailService) context.getBean("emailService");
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setUsername("cheneywu");
		order.setUseremail("[email protected]");
		sf.sendOrderMail(order);
	}
}

注意查收邮箱中的信息哦

第二大类邮件发送【HTML格式的发送，群发，附件】

除了上面包外，还需要spring-webmvc.jar,freemarker.jar,为什么需要freemarker呢，因为要发送HTML格式的文件，所以要先写好HTML内容的文件，然后用模板freemarker匹配其中的值，Spring中对freemarker也有很好的支持

spring配置文件applicatonContext-html.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
			http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
			http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
			http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
	<bean id="freeMarker"
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">
		<property name="templateLoaderPath" value="classpath:mailTemplate" />
		<!--指定模板文件目录-->
		<property name="freemarkerSettings"><!-- 设置FreeMarker环境属性-->
			<props>
				<prop key="template_update_delay">1800</prop><!--刷新模板的周期，单位为秒-->
				<prop key="default_encoding">UTF-8</prop><!--模板的编码格式 -->
				<prop key="locale">zh_CN</prop><!-- 本地化设置-->
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 注意:这里的参数(如用户名、密码)都是针对邮件发送者的 -->
	<bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
		<property name="host" value="smtp.163.com" />
		<property name="port" value="25" />
		<property name="username" value="emailusername" />
		<property name="password" value="emailpassword" />
		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
		<property name="javaMailProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="emailService" class="com.javacrazyer.comon.EmailService">
		<property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"></property>
		<property name="freeMarkerConfigurer" ref="freeMarker"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

模板文件目mailTemplate下的模板文件registe.ftl 【这个文件无名字、后缀无所谓，只要内容是HTML内容即可】

<html>
   <head>
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf8">
   </head>
   <body>
       恭喜您成功注册！您的用户名为：<font color=‘red‘ size=‘30‘>${LOGINNAME}</font>
   </body>
</html>

具体邮件发送类EmailService.java

package com.javacrazyer.comon;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility;

import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.ui.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateUtils;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer;

import freemarker.template.Template;

public class EmailService implements MailService {

	private JavaMailSender mailSender;
	private FreeMarkerConfigurer freeMarkerConfigurer = null; // FreeMarker的技术类

	public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) {
        this.mailSender = mailSender;
    }

	public void setFreeMarkerConfigurer(
			FreeMarkerConfigurer freeMarkerConfigurer) {
		this.freeMarkerConfigurer = freeMarkerConfigurer;
	}
	/**
	 * 发送带模板的单个html格式邮件
	 */
	public void sendOrderMail(Order order) {
		MimeMessage msg = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
		// 设置utf-8或GBK编码，否则邮件会有乱码，true表示为multipart邮件

		try {
			MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(msg, true, "utf-8");
			helper.setTo(order.getUseremail()); // 邮件接收地址
			helper.setFrom("[email protected]"); // 邮件发送地址,这里必须和xml里的邮件地址相同一致
			helper.setSubject("你好，恭喜你注册成功"); // 主题
			String htmlText;
			htmlText = getMailText(order.getUsername());
			helper.setText(htmlText, true); // 邮件内容，注意加参数true，表示启用html格式
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} // 使用模板生成html邮件内容

		mailSender.send(msg); // 发送邮件
	}

	/**
	 * 批量发送带附件的html格式邮件，带附件
	 */
	public void sendBatchEmail(Order order, List<String> address) {

		MimeMessage msg = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

		try {
			MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(msg, true, "utf-8");
			String toList = getMailList(address);
			InternetAddress[] iaToList = new InternetAddress().parse(toList);
			msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, iaToList);
			helper.setFrom("[email protected]");
			helper.setSubject("你好，恭喜你注册成功");
			String htmlText = getMailText(order.getUsername());
			helper.setText(htmlText, true);
			// 添加内嵌文件，第1个参数为cid标识这个文件,第2个参数为资源
			helper.addInline("a", new File("E:/11.jpg")); // 附件内容
			helper.addInline("b", new File("E:/12.jpg"));
			File file = new File("E:/各种框架图介绍.docx");
			// 这里的方法调用和插入图片是不同的，使用MimeUtility.encodeWord()来解决附件名称的中文问题
			helper.addAttachment(MimeUtility.encodeWord(file.getName()), file);
		} catch (MessagingException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		// 如果主题出现乱码，可以使用该函数，也可以使用下面的函数
		// helper.setSubject(MimeUtility.encodeText(String text,String
		// charset,String encoding))
		// 第2个参数表示字符集，第三个为目标编码格式。
		// MimeUtility.encodeWord(String word,String charset,String encoding)
		mailSender.send(msg);
	}

	/**
	 * 集合转换字符串
	 */
	public String getMailList(List<String> to) {
		StringBuffer toList = new StringBuffer();
		int length = to.size();
		if (to != null && length < 2) {
			toList.append(to.get(0));
		} else {
			for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
				toList.append(to.get(i));
				if (i != (length - 1)) {
					toList.append(",");
				}
			}
		}
		return toList.toString();
	}

	// 通过模板构造邮件内容，参数content将替换模板文件中的${content}标签。
	private String getMailText(String content) throws Exception {
		String htmlText = "";
		// 通过指定模板名获取FreeMarker模板实例
		Template tpl = freeMarkerConfigurer.getConfiguration().getTemplate(
				"registe.ftl");
		Map map = new HashMap(); // FreeMarker通过Map传递动态数据
		map.put("LOGINNAME", content); // 注意动态数据的key和模板标签中指定的属性相匹配
		// 解析模板并替换动态数据，最终content将替换模板文件中的${content}标签。
		htmlText = FreeMarkerTemplateUtils.processTemplateIntoString(tpl, map);
		return htmlText;
	}

}

单一发送HTML格式的邮件测试

package com.javacrazyer.service.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.javacrazyer.comon.MailService;
import com.javacrazyer.comon.Order;

public class UserServiceTest {

	@Test
	public void test() throws InterruptedException {
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
				"applicationContext-html.xml");
		MailService sf = (MailService) context.getBean("emailService");
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setUsername("cheneywu");
		order.setUseremail("[email protected]");
		sf.sendOrderMail(order);
	}
}

收到邮件了

群发，带附件的测试

package com.javacrazyer.service.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.javacrazyer.comon.EmailService;
import com.javacrazyer.comon.Order;

public class UserServiceTest {

	@Test
	public void test() throws InterruptedException {
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
				"applicationContext-html.xml");
		EmailService sf = (EmailService) context.getBean("emailService");
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setUsername("cheneywu");
		List<String> maillist = new ArrayList<String>();
		maillist.add("[email protected]");
		maillist.add("[email protected]");
		sf.sendBatchEmail(order, maillist);
	}
}

收到邮件了哦

看到了没有，这个上边有两个接收人，下边的是附件

时间： 2024-08-15 02:39:05

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