nmap概念及功能
概念
NMap,也就是Network Mapper,最早是Linux下的网络扫描和嗅探工具包。
nmap是一个网络连接端扫描软件,用来扫描网上电脑开放的网络连接端。确定哪些服务运行在哪些连接端,并且推断计算机运行哪个操作系统(这是亦称 fingerprinting)。它是网络管理员必用的软件之一,以及用以评估网络系统安全。
正如大多数被用于网络安全的工具,nmap 也是不少黑客及骇客(又称脚本小子)爱用的工具 。系统管理员可以利用nmap来探测工作环境中未经批准使用的服务器,但是黑客会利用nmap来搜集目标电脑的网络设定,从而计划攻击的方法。
Nmap 常被跟评估系统漏洞软件Nessus 混为一谈。Nmap 以隐秘的手法,避开闯入检测系统的监视,并尽可能不影响目标系统的日常操作。
Nmap 在黑客帝国(The Matrix)中,连同SSH1的32位元循环冗余校验漏洞,被崔妮蒂用以入侵发电站的能源管理系统。
功能
基本功能有三个,一是探测一组主机是否在线;其次是扫描 主机端口,嗅探所提供的网络服务;还可以推断主机所用的操作系统 。Nmap可用于扫描仅有两个节点的LAN,直至500个节点以上的网络。Nmap 还允许用户定制扫描技巧。通常,一个简单的使用ICMP协议的ping操作可以满足一般需求;也可以深入探测UDP或者TCP端口,直至主机所 使用的操作系统;还可以将所有探测结果记录到各种格式的日志中, 供进一步分析操作。
进行ping扫描,打印出对扫描做出响应的主机,不做进一步测试(如端口扫描或者操作系统探测):
nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24
仅列出指定网络上的每台主机,不发送任何报文到目标主机:
nmap -sL 192.168.1.0/24
探测目标主机开放的端口,可以指定一个以逗号分隔的端口列表(如-PS22,23,25,80):
nmap -PS 192.168.1.234
使用UDP ping探测主机:
nmap -PU 192.168.1.0/24
使用频率最高的扫描选项:SYN扫描,又称为半开放扫描,它不打开一个完全的TCP连接,执行得很快:
nmap -sS 192.168.1.0/24
nmap安装
本文以linux Ubuntu16.04为例,最后主要用python操作
1. 先安装nmap
sudo apt-get install nmap
2.再安装python-nmap
sudo pip install python-nmap
安装完之后python导入nmap测试验证是否成功
[email protected]:~# python Python 2.7.12 (default, Jul 1 2016, 15:12:24) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import nmap
python操作nmap
1.简单的小案例
创建PortScanner实例,然后扫描159.239.210.26这个IP的20-443端口。
import nmap nm = nmap.PortScanner() ret = nm.scan(‘115.239.210.26‘,‘20‘) print ret 返回格式如下: {‘nmap‘: {‘scanstats‘: {‘uphosts‘: ‘1‘, ‘timestr‘: ‘Tue Oct 25 11:30:47 2016‘, ‘downhosts‘: ‘0‘, ‘totalhosts‘: ‘1‘, ‘elapsed‘: ‘1.11‘}, ‘scaninfo‘: {‘tcp‘: {‘services‘: ‘20‘, ‘method‘: ‘connect‘}}, ‘command_line‘: ‘nmap -oX - -p 20 -sV 115.239.210.26‘}, ‘scan‘: {‘115.239.210.26‘: {‘status‘: {‘state‘: ‘up‘, ‘reason‘: ‘syn-ack‘}, ‘hostnames‘: [{‘type‘: ‘‘, ‘name‘: ‘‘}], ‘vendor‘: {}, ‘addresses‘: {‘ipv4‘: ‘115.239.210.26‘}, ‘tcp‘: {20: {‘product‘: ‘‘, ‘state‘: ‘filtered‘, ‘version‘: ‘‘, ‘name‘: ‘ftp-data‘, ‘conf‘: ‘3‘, ‘extrainfo‘: ‘‘, ‘reason‘: ‘no-response‘, ‘cpe‘: ‘‘} } } } }
2.内置方法:
还可以打印出简单的信息
import nmap nm = nmap.PortScanner() print nm.scaninfo() # {u‘tcp‘: {‘services‘: u‘20-443‘, ‘method‘: u‘syn‘}} print nm.command_line() # u‘nmap -oX - -p 20-443 -sV 115.239.210.26‘
查看有多少个host
print nm.all_hosts() # [u‘115.239.210.26‘]
查看该host的详细信息
nm[‘115.239.210.26‘]
查看该host包含的所有协议
nm[‘115.239.210.26‘].all_protocols()
查看该host的哪些端口提供了tcp协议
nm[‘115.239.210.26‘][‘tcp‘] nm[‘115.239.210.26‘][‘tcp‘].keys()
查看该端口是否提供了tcp协议
nm[‘115.239.210.26‘].has_tcp(21)
还可以像这样设置nmap执行的参数
nm.scan(hosts=‘192.168.1.0/24‘, arguments=‘-n -sP -PE -PA21,23,80,3389‘)
更多操作请进官网http://xael.org/pages/python-nmap-en.html
实验案例
检测内网机器端口
1.定义函数库mytools.py
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.header import Header def sendemail(sender,receiver,subject,content,smtpserver,smtpuser,smtppass): msg = MIMEText(content,‘html‘,‘utf-8‘)#中文需参数‘utf-8‘,单字节字符不需要 msg[‘Subject‘] = Header(subject, ‘utf-8‘) msg[‘From‘] = ‘<%s>‘ % sender msg[‘To‘] = ";".join(receiver) try: smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect(smtpserver) smtp.login(smtpuser, smtppass) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) smtp.quit() except Exception,e: print e
2. 实现端口扫描的程序,单线程版本nmscan.py
# !/usr/bin/python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import nmap import re import mytools as tool import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding(‘utf8‘) def nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist): p = re.compile("^(\d*)\-(\d*)$") if type(hostlist) != list: help() portmatch = re.match(p, portrange) if not portmatch: help() l = [] for host in hostlist: result = ‘‘ nm = nmap.PortScanner() tmp = nm.scan(host, portrange) result = result + "<h2>ip地址:%s 主机名:[%s] ...... %s</h2><hr>" % ( host, tmp[‘scan‘][host][‘hostname‘], tmp[‘scan‘][host][‘status‘][‘state‘]) try: ports = tmp[‘scan‘][host][‘tcp‘].keys() except KeyError, e: if whitelist: whitestr = ‘,‘.join(whitelist) result = result + "未扫到开放端口!请检查%s端口对应的服务状态" % whitestr else: result = result + "扫描结果正常,无暴漏端口" for port in ports: info = ‘‘ if port not in whitelist: info = ‘<strong><font color=red>Alert:非预期端口</font><strong> ‘ else: info = ‘<strong><font color=green>Info:正常开放端口</font><strong> ‘ portinfo = "%s <strong>port</strong> : %s <strong>state</strong> : %s <strong>product<strong/> : %s <br>" % ( info, port, tmp[‘scan‘][host][‘tcp‘][port][‘state‘], tmp[‘scan‘][host][‘tcp‘][port][‘product‘]) result = result + portinfo l.append([host, str(result)]) return l def help(): print "Usage: nmScan([‘127.0.0.1‘,],‘0-65535‘)" if __name__ == "__main__": hostlist = [‘10.10.10.10‘, ‘10.10.10.11‘] portrange = ‘0-65535‘ whitelist = [80, 443] l = nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist) sender = ‘[email protected]‘ receiver = [‘[email protected]‘, ‘[email protected]‘] subject = ‘服务器端口扫描‘ smtpserver = ‘smtp.exmail.qq.com‘ smtpuser = ‘[email protected]‘ smtppass = ‘linuxidc163‘ mailcontent = ‘‘ for i in range(len(l)): mailcontent = mailcontent + l[i][1] tool.sendemail(sender, receiver, subject, mailcontent, smtpserver, smtpuser, smtppass)
3.多线程版本
# !/usr/bin/python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import nmap import re import mytools as tool import sys from multiprocessing import Pool from functools import partial reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding(‘utf8‘) def nmScan(host, portrange, whitelist): p = re.compile("^(\d*)\-(\d*)$") # if type(hostlist) != list: # help() portmatch = re.match(p, portrange) if not portmatch: help() if host == ‘121.42.32.172‘: whitelist = [25, ] result = ‘‘ nm = nmap.PortScanner() tmp = nm.scan(host, portrange) result = result + "<h2>ip地址:%s 主机名:[%s] ...... %s</h2><hr>" % ( host, tmp[‘scan‘][host][‘hostname‘], tmp[‘scan‘][host][‘status‘][‘state‘]) try: ports = tmp[‘scan‘][host][‘tcp‘].keys() for port in ports: info = ‘‘ if port not in whitelist: info = ‘<strong><font color=red>Alert:非预期端口</font><strong> ‘ else: info = ‘<strong><font color=green>Info:正常开放端口</font><strong> ‘ portinfo = "%s <strong>port</strong> : %s <strong>state</strong> : %s <strong>product<strong/> : %s <br>" % ( info, port, tmp[‘scan‘][host][‘tcp‘][port][‘state‘], tmp[‘scan‘][host][‘tcp‘][port][‘product‘]) result = result + portinfo except KeyError, e: if whitelist: whitestr = ‘,‘.join(whitelist) result = result + "未扫到开放端口!请检查%s端口对应的服务状态" % whitestr else: result = result + "扫描结果正常,无暴漏端口" return result def help(): print "Usage: nmScan([‘127.0.0.1‘,],‘0-65535‘)" return None if __name__ == "__main__": hostlist = [‘10.10.10.10‘, ‘10.10.10.11‘] portrange = ‘0-65535‘ whitelist = [80, 443] l = nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist) sender = ‘[email protected]‘ receiver = [‘[email protected]‘, ‘[email protected]‘] subject = ‘服务器端口扫描‘ smtpserver = ‘smtp.exmail.qq.com‘ smtpuser = ‘[email protected]‘ smtppass = ‘linuxidc163‘ mailcontent = ‘‘ for i in range(len(l)): mailcontent = mailcontent + l[i][1] tool.sendemail(sender, receiver, subject, mailcontent, smtpserver, smtpuser, smtppass)