本文来自http://blog.csdn.net/hellogv/ ,引用必须注明出处!
目前常见的智能IC卡运行着JavaCard虚拟机,智能IC卡上可以运行由精简后的Java语言编写的卡应用(简称Applet)。智能IC卡的Applet不能自己启动,必须由外部终端(例如POS机,地铁刷卡终端等)向卡片发送Select命令,由此选中卡片的Applet,Applet才能运行。Appplet侧重于数据的处理,没有花销的I/O功能。Applet的程序有生命周期和指定入口,其中最主要的几个方法如下:
- public static void install(byte[] bArray, short bOffset, byte bLength)
构建了Applet子类的实例,JCRE将会最先调用这个;所有的初始化和分配内存的操作应该在这个里面实现;可以获取卡外实体传进来的一些应用初始化参数。
- public void process(APDU apdu)
类似于正常java class的main,在安装后,APDU的执行将在这里实现。
- protected final void register()
applet用来在JCRE中注册该applet实例
- register(byte[] bArray, short bOffset, byte bLength)
register( )功能一样,增加了可以分配其特定的AID的功能。
- public boolean select()
JCRE一旦接收到SELECT[by name]命令时,将寻找命令中指示的AID对应的Applet,使之处于活跃状态,接收并处理接下来的APDU命令;在选择新的Applet前,JCRE先调用当前Applet的 deselect 方法;Applet可以拒绝被选择,此时 select 方法返回false;SELECT[by name]命令本身也将传递给applet处理,此时通过 selectingApplet 用以判断当前状态。
本文的DEMO运行效果如下,包含一个JavaCard的Applet实现和一个Android端的NFC读写程序,实现智能IC卡与Android手机的简单通信。
接下来贴段简单的Applet 源码,下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/hellogv/8090041。
大概的思路是:Applet定义了2个开头标识皆为CMD_CLA的自定义命令CMD_INS_1和CMD_INS_2,当Android手机通过NFC分别发送CMD_INS_1和CMD_INS_2,Applet分别返回strHello和strWorld。
核心源码如下:
public class mytest extends Applet { private static final byte[] strHello= { (byte) ‘H‘, (byte) ‘e‘, (byte) ‘l‘, (byte) ‘l‘, (byte) ‘o‘}; private static final byte[] strWorld = {(byte) ‘W‘, (byte) ‘o‘, (byte) ‘r‘, (byte) ‘l‘, (byte) ‘d‘, }; private static final byte CMD_CLA = (byte) 0x80; private static final byte CMD_INS_1 = (byte) 0x10; private static final byte CMD_INS_2 = (byte) 0x20; public static void install(byte[] bArray, short bOffset, byte bLength) { // GP-compliant JavaCard applet registration new mytest().register(bArray, (short) (bOffset + 1), bArray[bOffset]); } /* * 当Java卡Applet被选中时,由JCRE调用。Java卡Applet可以定义select()完成初始化, * 否则,JCRE调用父类的select()。 * @see javacard.framework.Applet#select() */ public boolean select() { short debug=100; debug++;//用于断点调试,当被select时触发。 return super.select(); } /* * 当Java卡Applet被放弃时,由JCRE调用。Java卡Applet可以定义deselect()完成清除, * 否则,JCRE调用父类的deselect()。 * @see javacard.framework.Applet#deselect() */ public void deselect() { short debug=100; debug++;//用于断点调试 super.deselect(); } /* * 每次收到APDU命令,都会执行 * @see javacard.framework.Applet#process(javacard.framework.APDU) */ public void process(APDU apdu) { if (selectingApplet()) { return; } //获取外部终端发过来的数据 byte[] buffer = apdu.getBuffer(); //获取第一位数据 byte CLA = (byte) (buffer[ISO7816.OFFSET_CLA] & 0xFF); //获取第二位数据 byte INS = (byte) (buffer[ISO7816.OFFSET_INS] & 0xFF); if (CLA != CMD_CLA) {//格式不对 ISOException.throwIt(ISO7816.SW_CLA_NOT_SUPPORTED); } switch (INS) { case CMD_INS_1: sendBytes(apdu,strHello); break; case CMD_INS_2: sendBytes(apdu,strWorld); break; default: ISOException.throwIt(ISO7816.SW_INS_NOT_SUPPORTED); } } private void sendBytes(APDU apdu,byte[] arrays) { byte[] buffer = apdu.getBuffer(); short length = (short) arrays.length; Util.arrayCopyNonAtomic(arrays, (short) 0, buffer, (short) 0, (short) length); apdu.setOutgoingAndSend((short) 0, length); } }
接下来贴出Android端的核心代码,下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/hellogv/8090053。
大概的思路是:Android端的NFC读写程序定义1个Applet的ID(AID),SELECT命令的报文头(SELECT_APDU_HEADER),2个自定义命令CMD_INS_1和CMD_INS_2。首先使用AID和SELECT_APDU_HEADER生成完整的SELECT命令,transceive(发送)到卡片,用于启动卡片里的AID对应的Applet。启动卡片里的Applet后,NFC读写程序发送SAMPLE_COMMAND里面的2条自定义命令,Applet分别返回"Hello""World"。
核心源码如下:
public final class CardReader { private static final String TAG = "LoyaltyCardReader"; // AID for our loyalty card service. private static final String SAMPLE_CARD_AID = "1122001122"; // ISO-DEP command HEADER for selecting an AID. // Format: [Class | Instruction | Parameter 1 | Parameter 2] private static final String SELECT_APDU_HEADER = "00A40400"; // "OK" status word sent in response to SELECT AID command (0x9000) private static final byte[] SELECT_OK_SW = {(byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x00}; //自定义的命令 private static final String[] SAMPLE_COMMAND={"8010000000",//卡片收到后返回"Hello" "8020000000"};//卡片收到后返回"World" public static String[][] TECHLISTS; public static IntentFilter[] FILTERS; static { try { //the tech lists used to perform matching for dispatching of the ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED intent TECHLISTS = new String[][] { { IsoDep.class.getName() }}; FILTERS = new IntentFilter[] { new IntentFilter( NfcAdapter.ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED, "*/*") }; } catch (Exception e) { } } static public String tagDiscovered(Tag tag) { Log.e(TAG, "New tag discovered"); String strResult=""; IsoDep isoDep = IsoDep.get(tag); if (isoDep != null) { try { // Connect to the remote NFC device isoDep.connect(); //发送select 命令,卡片会返回SELECT_OK_SW(90 00) byte[] cmdSelect = BuildSelectApdu(SAMPLE_CARD_AID); Log.e(TAG, "Sending: " + ByteArrayToHexString(cmdSelect)); byte[] result = isoDep.transceive(cmdSelect); Log.e(TAG, "Receive: " + ByteArrayToHexString(result)); byte[][] response = getResponse(result); byte[] statusWord =response[0]; if (Arrays.equals(SELECT_OK_SW, statusWord) == false) return ""; //循环发送自定义命令 for(int i=0;i<SAMPLE_COMMAND.length;i++){ String command = SAMPLE_COMMAND[i]; result = HexStringToByteArray(command); Log.e(TAG, "Sending: " + command); result = isoDep.transceive(result); Log.e(TAG, "Receive: " + ByteArrayToHexString(result)); response = getResponse(result); byte[] body =response[1]; strResult=strResult+new String(body)+":"+ByteArrayToHexString(body)+"\r\n"; } return strResult; } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "Error communicating with card: " + e.toString()); } } return null; } /*** * 分解卡片返回的数据 * @param b * @return [0]表示返回的状态值,[1]表示返回的正文 */ private static byte[][] getResponse(byte[] b){ byte[][] result = new byte[2][]; int length = b.length; byte[] status = { b[length - 2],b[length - 1] }; byte[] body = Arrays.copyOf(b, length - 2); result[0]=status; result[1]=body; return result; } public static String load(Parcelable parcelable) { // 从Parcelable筛选出各类NFC标准数据 final Tag tag = (Tag) parcelable; return tagDiscovered(tag); } /** * Build APDU for SELECT AID command. This command indicates which service a reader is * interested in communicating with. See ISO 7816-4. * * @param aid Application ID (AID) to select * @return APDU for SELECT AID command */ public static byte[] BuildSelectApdu(String aid) { // Format: [CLASS | INSTRUCTION | PARAMETER 1 | PARAMETER 2 | LENGTH | DATA] return HexStringToByteArray(SELECT_APDU_HEADER + String.format("%02X", aid.length() / 2) + aid); } /** * Utility class to convert a byte array to a hexadecimal string. * * @param bytes Bytes to convert * @return String, containing hexadecimal representation. */ public static String ByteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) { final char[] hexArray = {‘0‘,‘1‘,‘2‘,‘3‘,‘4‘,‘5‘,‘6‘,‘7‘,‘8‘,‘9‘,‘A‘,‘B‘,‘C‘,‘D‘,‘E‘,‘F‘}; char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2]; int v; for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) { v = bytes[j] & 0xFF; hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4]; hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F]; } return new String(hexChars); } /** * Utility class to convert a hexadecimal string to a byte string. * * <p>Behavior with input strings containing non-hexadecimal characters is undefined. * * @param s String containing hexadecimal characters to convert * @return Byte array generated from input */ public static byte[] HexStringToByteArray(String s) { int len = s.length(); byte[] data = new byte[len / 2]; for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) { data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4) + Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16)); } return data; } }