springboot使用特定的方式,简化了spring的各种xml配置文件,并通过maven或者gradle,更见方便了基础开发环境的搭建。
springboot基础应用搭建
首先建立maven工程。
pom.xml文件配置如下(每一个maven工程中的,除了自身GAV外,都使用此配置)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.mahuan</groupId> <artifactId>producer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>producer</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version> <relativePath /> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <fork>true</fork> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Camden.SR6</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> </project>
建立一个启动类,即可运行。默认端口为8080。
package com.mahuan.producer; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class App { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(App.class, args); } }
springboot启动时,会自动扫描所有class文件,发现@Service、@RestController等注解的class文件,加载到IOC容器中。
springboot cloud注册中心
为了对多个springboot应用进行发现以及管理,可使用eureka服务。在启动类中增加@EnableEurekaServer即可。同时添加配置文件。
eureka注册中心,会等待应用主动向其进行注册,而eureka注册中心在发现了新的应用后,会持续向应用发送心跳,判断其是否存活。
package com.mahuan.producer; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaServer public class App { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(App.class, args); } }
application.properties
server.port=1111 eureka.client.registerWithEureka=false eureka.client.fetchRegistry=false eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/
eureka.client.registerWithEureka表示eureka中心不会自己注册自己。
springboot cloud生产者
如果springboot应用配置了eureka注册中心,并在启动类中增加了@EnableDiscoveryClient注解,应用启动后会注册到指定的注册中心中。
package com.mahuan.producer; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class App { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(App.class, args); } }
application.properties配置
server.port=1112 spring.application.name=compute-service eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/
其中spring.application.name是必须要有的配置,是此springboot应用的标识。实现不同功能的springboot应用,应有不同的name。
eureka.client.serverUrl.defaultZone是注册中心的地址信息,同注册中心配置的地址相同。
springboot cloud消费者
首先application.properties中要有eureka的配置信息,同上述的配置信息相同。
springboot的消费者有两种形式实现。
RestTemplate
在启动类中增加@Bean
package com.mahuan.producer; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class App { @Bean @LoadBalanced RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(App.class, args); } }
建立一个Controller类
package com.mahuan.producer.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @RestController public class FirstContrller2 { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; @RequestMapping(value = "/first") @ResponseBody public String first() { return restTemplate.getForEntity("http://compute-service/first", String.class).getBody(); } }
其中标红部分,为需要调用的application的name,后面为调用的path。如果在注册中心中有多个拥有相同application.name的应用,会自动进行负载均衡。
Feign
建立一个interface
package com.mahuan.producer.controller; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; @FeignClient(name = "compute-service") public interface ComputeService { @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET, value = "/first") String first(); }
其中@FeignClient说明要调用的application.name,@RequestMapping中说明调用的应用path。
在Controller类中,直接@Autowired此接口即可。
同时启动类中,需要增加@EnableFeignClients注解。
package com.mahuan.producer; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableFeignClients public class App { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(App.class, args); } }