logstash 学习小记
标签（空格分隔）： 日志收集
Introduce
Logstash is a tool for managing events and logs. You can use it to collect logs, parse them, and store them for
later use (like, for searching). – http://logstash.net
自从2013年logstash被ES公司收购之后，ELK stask正式称为官方用语。非常多公司都開始ELK实践。我们也不例外，借用新浪是怎样分析处理32亿条实时日志的？的一张图
这是一个再常见只是的架构了：
（1）Kafka：接收用户日志的消息队列。
（2）Logstash：做日志解析，统一成JSON输出给Elasticsearch。
（3）Elasticsearch：实时日志分析服务的核心技术，一个schemaless，实时的数据存储服务。通过index组织数据，兼具强大的搜索和统计功能。
（4）Kibana：基于Elasticsearch的数据可视化组件。超强的数据可视化能力是众多公司选择ELK stack的重要原因。
可是众多log 收集framwork，像flume，scribe。fluent，为什么选用logstash呢？
原因非常简单：
- 部署启动非常easy。仅仅须要有jdk就OK了
- 配置简单，无需编码
- 支持收集log路径的正則表達式，不像flume那样必须写死要收集的文件名称。logstash不是，像这样
path => [“/var/log/.log“]
Logstash Examples
logstash事件处理流程氛围三个stages：input ，filter，output。input支持非常多。如file。redis，kafka等等，filter主要是对input的log进行自己想要的处理，output则是输出到你要存储log的第三方framework。如kafka，redis，elasticsearch。db什么的。详细的查看官网。
废话不多说，開始样例：
1. 最最简单的样例
input和output都是标准输入输出
[joeywen@192 logstash]$ bin/logstash -e ‘input { stdin { } } output { stdout {}}‘
Logstash startup completed
>hello world ## 输入的内容
>2015-08-02T05:26:55.564Z joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local hello world ## logstash收集的内容- 编写config文件
input {
file {
path => ["/var/log/*.log"]
type => "syslog"
}
}
output {
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
# elasticsearch {
# host => ‘localhost‘
# protocol => ‘transport‘
# cluster => ‘elasticsearch‘
# index => ‘logstash-joeymac-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}‘
# }
}输入是file形式，收集系统日志，假设有异常发生，通常异常会多行，这里用codec ＝> multiline 来对出现异常的多行转换为一行输入
输出就是ES。或者你也能够把stdout作为调试打开看看，输出的是什么内容。执行命令例如以下以及输出
[[email protected]192 logstash]$ bin/logstash -f sys.conf
Logstash startup completed
{
"@timestamp" => "2015-08-02T05:36:08.972Z",
"message" => "Aug 2 13:36:08 joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local GoogleSoftwareUpdateAgent[1976]: 2015-08-02 13:34:51.764 GoogleSoftwareUpdateAgent[1976/0xb029b000] [lvl=2] -[KSUpdateEngine(PrivateMethods) updateFinish] KSUpdateEngine update processing complete.",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local",
"path" => "/var/log/system.log",
"type" => "syslog"
}
{
"@timestamp" => "2015-08-02T05:36:08.973Z",
"message" => "Aug 2 13:36:08 joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local GoogleSoftwareUpdateAgent[1976]: 2015-08-02 13:36:08.105 GoogleSoftwareUpdateAgent[1976/0xb029b000] [lvl=3] -[KSAgentUploader fetcher:failedWithError:] Failed to upload stats to <NSMutableURLRequest https://tools.google.com/service/update2> with error Error Domain=NSURLErrorDomain Code=-1001 \"The request timed out.\" UserInfo=0x3605f0 {NSErrorFailingURLStringKey=https://tools.google.com/service/update2, _kCFStreamErrorCodeKey=60, NSErrorFailingURLKey=https://tools.google.com/service/update2, NSLocalizedDescription=The request timed out., _kCFStreamErrorDomainKey=1, NSUnderlyingError=0x35fd30 \"The request timed out.\"}",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local",
"path" => "/var/log/system.log",
"type" => "syslog"
}
{
"@timestamp" => "2015-08-02T05:36:08.973Z",
"message" => "Aug 2 13:36:08 joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local GoogleSoftwareUpdateAgent[1976]: 2015-08-02 13:36:08.272 GoogleSoftwareUpdateAgent[1976/0xb029b000] [lvl=3] -[KSAgentApp uploadStats:] Failed to upload stats <KSStatsCollection:0x4323e0 path=\"/Users/joeywen/Library/Google/GoogleSoftwareUpdate/Stats/Keystone.stats\", count=6, stats={",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local",
"path" => "/var/log/system.log",
"type" => "syslog"
}假设想加入或删除字段，该怎么办？filter就该登场了
- filter
filter的功能十分强大。能够对input的内容做不论什么更改。input的内容会转换为一个叫event的map，里面存放着key／value对，正如你所示输出一样，@timestamp,type,@version, host,message等等，都是event里面的key，在filter里面你能够启动ruby 编程plugin对其做不论什么更改
如：
input {
file {
path => ["/var/log/*.log"]
type => "syslog"
}
}
filter {
multiline {
pattern => "(^\d+\serror)|(^.+Exception:.+)|(^\s+at .+)|(^\s+... \d+ more)|(^\s*Causedby:.+)"
what => "previous"
}
if [type] =~ /^syslog/ {
ruby {
code => "file_name = event[‘path‘].split(‘/‘)[-1]
event[‘file_name‘] = file_name"
}
}
}
output {
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}如上我对type已syslog开头的event做更改，调用ruby编程
看看输出
[[email protected]192 logstash]$ bin/logstash -f sys.conf
Logstash startup completed
{
"@timestamp" => "2015-08-02T05:46:52.771Z",
"message" => "Aug 2 13:46:40 joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local Dock[234]: CGSConnectionByID: 0 is not a valid connection ID.",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local",
"path" => "/var/log/system.log",
"type" => "syslog",
"file_name" => "system.log"
}能够看到多了个file_name的字段，
假设相对message做解析的话。须要调用grok plugin来做，grok是非常强大插件,比如
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/http.log"
}
}
filter {
grok {
patterns_dir => ["/opt/logstash/patterns", "/opt/logstash/extra_patterns"]
match => { "message" => "%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:duration}" }
}
}对于message字段调用正则匹配，语法是%{SYNTAX:SEMANTIC}
第一个SYNTAX是正則表達式名称，第二个是对于匹配成功的字段取名字，这些SYNTAX存在指定的pattern_dir文件夹下的文件，格式是：
NAME PATTERN
如 NUMBER \d+
也能够使用mutate来最event的key和value做更改。包含remove，add，update,rename 等等。详细的都能够看看(logstash文档)[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/plugins-filters-mutate.html]
这里给个详细的样例吧
配置：
input {
file {
path => ["/var/log/*.log"]
type => "syslog"
}
}
filter {
multiline {
pattern => "(^\d+\serror)|(^.+Exception:.+)|(^\s+at .+)|(^\s+... \d+ more)|(^\s*Causedby:.+)"
what => "previous"
}
if [type] =~ /^syslog/ {
ruby {
code => "file_name = event[‘path‘].split(‘/‘)[-1]
event[‘file_name‘] = file_name"
}
grok {
patterns_dir => ["./patterns/*"]
match => {"message" => "%{MAC_BOOK:joeymac}"}
}
mutate {
rename => {"file_name" => "fileName"}
add_field => {"foo_%{joeymac}" => "Hello world, from %{host}"}
}
}
}
output {
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}输出
[[email protected]192 logstash]$ bin/logstash -f sys.conf
Logstash startup completed
{
"@timestamp" => "2015-08-02T06:10:13.161Z",
"message" => "Aug 2 14:10:12 joeywens-MacBook-Pro com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.quicklook[2206]): Endpoint has been activated through legacy launch(3) APIs. Please switch to XPC or bootstrap_check_in(): com.apple.quicklook",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local",
"path" => "/var/log/system.log",
"type" => "syslog",
"joeymac" => "joeywens-MacBook-Pro",
"fileName" => "system.log",
"foo_joeywens-MacBook-Pro" => "Hello world, from joeywens-MacBook-Pro.local"
}转载请注明出处