写在前面
上篇文章介绍如何将wcf项目，修改成restful风格的接口，并在上面提供了查询的功能，上篇文章中也感谢园友在评论中的提的建议，自己也思考了下，确实是那个道理。在urltemplate中，定义的url确实不规范，虽然能实现功能，但是缺少点专业性。rest风格的请求，是通过post，delete，get，put等请求方法来区别的，而不是通过在url中取不同的名字来进行区别。这里再次感谢@~Js园友提醒。
在这篇文章中将最新的代码贴出来，方便查看。
系列文章
Restful风格wcf调用 （其中代码中的uritemplate定义不规范，建议参考本文）
代码示例
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.Script.Services;
namespace Wolfy.WCFRestfuleDemo
{
// NOTE: You can use the "Rename" command on the "Refactor" menu to change the interface name "IService1" in both code and config file together.
[ServiceContract]
public interface IUserService
{
/// <summary>
/// 获得所有的用户信息
/// </summary>
/// <returns>json或者xml</returns>
[OperationContract]
[WebGet(UriTemplate = "api/users", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
List<UserInfo> QueryList();
/// <summary>
/// 根据id查询用户信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="where"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[OperationContract]
[WebGet(UriTemplate = "api/users/{where}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
UserInfo Query(string where);
/// <summary>
/// 根据编号删除用户信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[OperationContract]
[WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "api/users/{id}", Method = "DELETE", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
bool Delete(string id);
/// <summary>
/// 添加用户信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userInfo"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[OperationContract]
[WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "api/users", Method = "POST", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml, RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
bool Insert(UserInfo userInfo);
/// <summary>
/// 更新用户信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userInfo"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[OperationContract]
[WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "api/users", Method = "PUT", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml, RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
bool Update(UserInfo userInfo);
}
}
修改的地方：uriTemplate，以名词组成，具体的操作通过Method谓词进行区分，另外参数中UserInfo，为其WebInvoke设置RequestFormat（请求数据类型）属性，设置为json格式的数据，这样在服务端介绍到数据后，系统内部将对齐进行反序列化为具体的实体类。还有合并按照id和name查询的接口，因为原来设置的uritemplate为api/users/{id}和api/users/{name}而且请求的方法都是get方法，无法区别到底调用哪个，所以将两个方法合并为了一个方法。
1、删除Http(delete),根据id找到用户信息，并从集合中移除。
1 /// <summary>
2 /// 根据编号删除用户信息
3 /// </summary>
4 /// <param name="id"></param>
5 /// <returns></returns>
6 public bool Delete(string id)
7 {
8 //当前操作上下文
9 WebOperationContext woc = WebOperationContext.Current;
10 //状态码
11 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK;
12 try
13 {
14 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id))
15 {
16 throw new ArgumentNullException("id");
17 }
18 var users = QueryList();
19 int iId = Convert.ToInt32(id);
20 var user = users.Where(x => x.ID == iId).FirstOrDefault();
21 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Accepted;
22 return users.Remove(user);
23 }
24 catch (Exception ex)
25 {
26 //异常 输出状态
27 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.ExpectationFailed;
28 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusDescription = ex.Message;
29 return false;
30 }
31 }
2、添加Http(post)，POST里的数据格式通过RequestFormat定义为Json，WCF框架接受到Json数据的请求，会自动反序列化成UserInfo实例。
1 /// <summary>
2 /// 添加用户信息
3 /// </summary>
4 /// <param name="userInfo"></param>
5 /// <returns></returns>
6 public bool Insert(UserInfo userInfo)
7 {
8 var users = QueryList();
9 WebOperationContext woc = WebOperationContext.Current;
10 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK;
11 try
12 {
13 users.Add(userInfo);
14 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Created;
15 return true;
16 }
17 catch (Exception ex)
18 {
19 //异常 输出状态
20 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.ExpectationFailed;
21 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusDescription = ex.Message;
22 return false;
23 }
24 }
3、修改（Http/Put），根据id找到要修改的对象，对该对象重新赋值。
1 /// <summary>
2 /// 更新用户信息
3 /// </summary>
4 /// <param name="userInfo"></param>
5 /// <returns></returns>
6 public bool Update(UserInfo userInfo)
7 {
8 var users = QueryList();
9 WebOperationContext woc = WebOperationContext.Current;
10 try
11 {
12 var user = users.Where(x => x.ID == userInfo.ID).FirstOrDefault();
13 if (user != null)
14 {
15 user = userInfo;
16 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Accepted;
17 return true;
18 }
19 else
20 {
21 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.NotFound;
22 return false;
23 }
24
25 }
26 catch (Exception ex)
27 {
28 //异常 输出状态
29 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.ExpectationFailed;
30 woc.OutgoingResponse.StatusDescription = ex.Message;
31 return false;
32 }
33 }
4、查询（http/get）
/// <summary>
/// 获得所有的用户信息
/// </summary>
/// <returns>json或者xml</returns>
public List<UserInfo> QueryList()
{
return new List<UserInfo>() {
new UserInfo() { ID = 1, Name = "wofly", Age = 22, Birthday = DateTime.Now, Gender = true },
new UserInfo() { ID = 2, Name = "san zhang", Age = 21, Birthday = DateTime.Now, Gender = true },
new UserInfo() { ID = 3, Name = "wukong sun", Age = 23, Birthday = DateTime.Now, Gender = false },
new UserInfo() { ID = 4, Name = "zi ma", Age = 45, Birthday = DateTime.Now, Gender = true }
};
}
服务端的异常处理中通过 OutgoingResponse.StatusCode 返回不同的Code。
查询成功 —— System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK (默认)。
创建成功 —— System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Created
更新或者删除成功 —— System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Accepted
当然，HttpStatusCode枚举不止这几个。感兴趣的可以查看这个枚举。你会发现，包揽了常见的一些状态枚举。
// Summary:
// Contains the values of status codes defined for HTTP.
public enum HttpStatusCode
{
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 100. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Continue indicates
// that the client can continue with its request.
Continue = 100,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 101. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.SwitchingProtocols
// indicates that the protocol version or protocol is being changed.
SwitchingProtocols = 101,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 200. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK indicates that
// the request succeeded and that the requested information is in the response.
// This is the most common status code to receive.
OK = 200,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 201. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Created indicates
// that the request resulted in a new resource created before the response was
// sent.
Created = 201,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 202. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Accepted indicates
// that the request has been accepted for further processing.
Accepted = 202,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 203. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.NonAuthoritativeInformation
// indicates that the returned metainformation is from a cached copy instead
// of the origin server and therefore may be incorrect.
NonAuthoritativeInformation = 203,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 204. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.NoContent indicates
// that the request has been successfully processed and that the response is
// intentionally blank.
NoContent = 204,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 205. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.ResetContent indicates
// that the client should reset (not reload) the current resource.
ResetContent = 205,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 206. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.PartialContent indicates
// that the response is a partial response as requested by a GET request that
// includes a byte range.
PartialContent = 206,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 300. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.MultipleChoices
// indicates that the requested information has multiple representations. The
// default action is to treat this status as a redirect and follow the contents
// of the Location header associated with this response.
MultipleChoices = 300,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 300. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Ambiguous indicates
// that the requested information has multiple representations. The default
// action is to treat this status as a redirect and follow the contents of the
// Location header associated with this response.
Ambiguous = 300,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 301. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.MovedPermanently
// indicates that the requested information has been moved to the URI specified
// in the Location header. The default action when this status is received is
// to follow the Location header associated with the response.
MovedPermanently = 301,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 301. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Moved indicates
// that the requested information has been moved to the URI specified in the
// Location header. The default action when this status is received is to follow
// the Location header associated with the response. When the original request
// method was POST, the redirected request will use the GET method.
Moved = 301,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 302. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Found indicates
// that the requested information is located at the URI specified in the Location
// header. The default action when this status is received is to follow the
// Location header associated with the response. When the original request method
// was POST, the redirected request will use the GET method.
Found = 302,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 302. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Redirect indicates
// that the requested information is located at the URI specified in the Location
// header. The default action when this status is received is to follow the
// Location header associated with the response. When the original request method
// was POST, the redirected request will use the GET method.
Redirect = 302,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 303. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.SeeOther automatically
// redirects the client to the URI specified in the Location header as the result
// of a POST. The request to the resource specified by the Location header will
// be made with a GET.
SeeOther = 303,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 303. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.RedirectMethod automatically
// redirects the client to the URI specified in the Location header as the result
// of a POST. The request to the resource specified by the Location header will
// be made with a GET.
RedirectMethod = 303,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 304. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.NotModified indicates
// that the client‘s cached copy is up to date. The contents of the resource
// are not transferred.
NotModified = 304,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 305. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.UseProxy indicates
// that the request should use the proxy server at the URI specified in the
// Location header.
UseProxy = 305,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 306. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unused is a proposed
// extension to the HTTP/1.1 specification that is not fully specified.
Unused = 306,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 307. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.RedirectKeepVerb
// indicates that the request information is located at the URI specified in
// the Location header. The default action when this status is received is to
// follow the Location header associated with the response. When the original
// request method was POST, the redirected request will also use the POST method.
RedirectKeepVerb = 307,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 307. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.TemporaryRedirect
// indicates that the request information is located at the URI specified in
// the Location header. The default action when this status is received is to
// follow the Location header associated with the response. When the original
// request method was POST, the redirected request will also use the POST method.
TemporaryRedirect = 307,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 400. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.BadRequest indicates
// that the request could not be understood by the server. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.BadRequest
// is sent when no other error is applicable, or if the exact error is unknown
// or does not have its own error code.
BadRequest = 400,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 401. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized indicates
// that the requested resource requires authentication. The WWW-Authenticate
// header contains the details of how to perform the authentication.
Unauthorized = 401,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 402. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.PaymentRequired
// is reserved for future use.
PaymentRequired = 402,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 403. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden indicates
// that the server refuses to fulfill the request.
Forbidden = 403,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 404. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.NotFound indicates
// that the requested resource does not exist on the server.
NotFound = 404,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 405. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.MethodNotAllowed
// indicates that the request method (POST or GET) is not allowed on the requested
// resource.
MethodNotAllowed = 405,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 406. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.NotAcceptable indicates
// that the client has indicated with Accept headers that it will not accept
// any of the available representations of the resource.
NotAcceptable = 406,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 407. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.ProxyAuthenticationRequired
// indicates that the requested proxy requires authentication. The Proxy-authenticate
// header contains the details of how to perform the authentication.
ProxyAuthenticationRequired = 407,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 408. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.RequestTimeout indicates
// that the client did not send a request within the time the server was expecting
// the request.
RequestTimeout = 408,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 409. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Conflict indicates
// that the request could not be carried out because of a conflict on the server.
Conflict = 409,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 410. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Gone indicates that
// the requested resource is no longer available.
Gone = 410,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 411. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.LengthRequired indicates
// that the required Content-length header is missing.
LengthRequired = 411,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 412. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.PreconditionFailed
// indicates that a condition set for this request failed, and the request cannot
// be carried out. Conditions are set with conditional request headers like
// If-Match, If-None-Match, or If-Unmodified-Since.
PreconditionFailed = 412,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 413. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.RequestEntityTooLarge
// indicates that the request is too large for the server to process.
RequestEntityTooLarge = 413,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 414. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.RequestUriTooLong
// indicates that the URI is too long.
RequestUriTooLong = 414,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 415. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.UnsupportedMediaType
// indicates that the request is an unsupported type.
UnsupportedMediaType = 415,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 416. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable
// indicates that the range of data requested from the resource cannot be returned,
// either because the beginning of the range is before the beginning of the
// resource, or the end of the range is after the end of the resource.
RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable = 416,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 417. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.ExpectationFailed
// indicates that an expectation given in an Expect header could not be met
// by the server.
ExpectationFailed = 417,
//
UpgradeRequired = 426,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 500. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError
// indicates that a generic error has occurred on the server.
InternalServerError = 500,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 501. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.NotImplemented indicates
// that the server does not support the requested function.
NotImplemented = 501,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 502. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.BadGateway indicates
// that an intermediate proxy server received a bad response from another proxy
// or the origin server.
BadGateway = 502,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 503. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.ServiceUnavailable
// indicates that the server is temporarily unavailable, usually due to high
// load or maintenance.
ServiceUnavailable = 503,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 504. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.GatewayTimeout indicates
// that an intermediate proxy server timed out while waiting for a response
// from another proxy or the origin server.
GatewayTimeout = 504,
//
// Summary:
// Equivalent to HTTP status 505. System.Net.HttpStatusCode.HttpVersionNotSupported
// indicates that the requested HTTP version is not supported by the server.
HttpVersionNotSupported = 505,
}
public enum HttpStatusCode
因为REST 是基于HTTP的， 所以对于 REST 的客户端的开发者，无法像使用传统的 WebService或者其他的WCF服务通过引用wsdl，享受“奢侈”的代码生成，而使用强类型的本地代理调用服务。开发者只能使用Http请求来进行请求，而使得客户端真正是语言无关的。
Microsoft.Http.dll 和 Microsoft.Http.Extensions.dll，它们是微软提供的REST客户端包。可以更加方便地操作 HttpRequest/Response，你可以在这里下到： http://aspnet.codeplex.com/releases/view/24644
下载：WCF REST Starter Kit Preview 2.msi
安装之后，在这里C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft WCF REST\WCF REST Starter Kit Preview 2\Assemblies（默认安装的） 你可以找到相关的程序集
代码片段
查询：HttpClient.Get方法发送get请求，返回的是HttpResponseMessage，HttpResponseMessage.Content 返回的是你在服务端设置ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml数据，当然也可以返回json数据。
var client = new HttpClient();
var strUrl = "http://localhost:21074/userInfo/api/users";
var response = client.Get(strUrl);
response.EnsureStatusIsSuccessful();
var xml = response.Content.ReadAsString();
Console.WriteLine(xml);
Console.Read();
添加数据，将数据序列化成Json格式放进 HttpContent 再使用 HttpClient.Post 提交 HttpContent 数据。
HttpContent 需要指定 ContentType 是Json格式的。
var client = new HttpClient();
var strPostUrl = "http://localhost:21074/userInfo/api/users";
var postData = new { ID = 5, Name = "zhang san", Gender = true, Birthday = DateTime.Now, Age = 23 };
System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer jss = new JavaScriptSerializer();
HttpContent content = HttpContent.Create(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jss.Serialize(postData)),"application/json");
HttpResponseMessage responseMessage = client.Post(strPostUrl, content);
Console.WriteLine(responseMessage.EnsureStatusIsSuccessful().StatusCode);
服务端
客户端
更新数据：找到id为1的用户信息，并修改。
var client = new HttpClient();
var strPostUrl = "http://localhost:21074/userInfo/api/users";
var postData = new { ID = 1, Name = "zhang san", Gender = true, Birthday = DateTime.Now, Age = 22 };
System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer jss = new JavaScriptSerializer();
HttpContent content = HttpContent.Create(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jss.Serialize(postData)), "application/json");
HttpResponseMessage responseMessage = client.Put(strPostUrl, content);
Console.WriteLine(responseMessage.EnsureStatusIsSuccessful().StatusCode);
客户端
删除数据：找到id为1的，删除它
var client = new HttpClient();
var strPostUrl = "http://localhost:21074/userInfo/api/users/{0}";
HttpResponseMessage responseMessage = client.Delete(string.Format(strPostUrl,1));
Console.WriteLine(responseMessage.EnsureStatusIsSuccessful().StatusCode);
Console.Read();
总结
这里将restful的增删改查操作重新修改了下，需要注意的地方是，操作的处理是以Method方法而定，而不是url，post（增加），get（查询），delete（删除），put（更改），通过上面的例子你也会发现，请求的url相同，但是不同的请求谓词（post，get，delete，put）带来的操作并不相同。另外本文也介绍了客户但HttpClient的使用。
参考文章：
http://blog.csdn.net/fangxing80/article/details/6247297
时间： 2024-07-31 23:36:10