一、建立Maven项目
使用Eclipse的maven构建一个web项目,以构建SpringMVC项目为例:
1.1 选择建立Maven Project
选择File -> New -> Other,在New窗口中选择 Maven -> Maven Project。点击newxt
1.2 选择项目路径
Use default Workspace location默认工作空间。
1.3 选择项目类型
在Artifact Id中选择maven-archetype-webapp
1.4 输入Group ID和 Artifact ID,以及Package
Group ID一般写大项目名称。Artifact ID是子项目名称。
例如Spring的web包,Group ID:org.springframework,artifactId:spring-web。
Package是默认给你建一个包,不写也可以。
1.5 配置之后的图
如果这里显示的内容多,一般是Filters设置的问题。或perspective为JavaEE模式,改成Java模式就可以了。
二、配置maven项目
2.1 添加文件夹
2.1.1 在src的main目录下面添加java目录
2.1.2 在src下面添加test目录,并且在test目录下面添加java和resources目录
2.2 修改class路径
右键项目,Java Build Path -> Source
下面应该有4个文件夹。src/main/java,src/main/resources,src/test/java ,src/test/resources。
双击每个文件夹的Output folder,选择路径。
src/main/java,src/main/resources,选择target/classes;
src/test/java ,src/test/resources, 选择target/test-classes;
选上Allow output folders for source folders.
在此处还要更改:
更改文件夹显示的顺序:点击Order and Export。
更改JDK版本:在Libraries双击JRE System Library,要1.6版本。
2.3 把项目变成Dynamic Web项目
2.3.1 右键项目,选择Project Facets,点击Convert to faceted from
2.3.2 配置Project Facets
更改Dynamic Web Module的Version为2.5。(3.0为Java7的)。
如果提示错误,可能需要在Java Compiler设置Compiler compliance level 为1.6。或者需要在此窗口的Java的Version改成1.6。
2.3.3 配置 Modify Faceted Project
点击Further configuration available…,弹出Modify Faceted Project窗口。此处是设置web.xml文件的路径,我们输入src/main/webapp。Generate web.xml deployment descriptor自动生成web.xml文件,可选可不选。
2.4 设置部署程序集(Web Deployment Assembly)
上面步骤设置完成后,点击OK,Properties窗口会关闭,在右键项目打开此窗口。在左侧列表中会出现一个Deployment Assembly,点击进去后,如下图:
此处列表是,部署项目时,文件发布的路径。
我们删除test的两项,因为test是测试使用,并不需要部署。
三、向maven项目中添加jar包
maven可以管理项目依赖的jar包,通过groupID、artifactId以及版本号可以唯一确定一个jar包。这样可以防止老式Web项目中WEB-INF/lib下jar包不一致的问题。并且maven还会自动下载添加进的jar包所依赖的jar包。
pom.xml文件如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>liming.maven.example</groupId> <artifactId>maven-example</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>maven-example Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>3.0.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>maven-example</finalName> </build> </project>
四、构建SpringMVC框架
4.1 编辑web.xml文件
需要添加log4j,字符过滤,Spring 的dispatcher等。webx.xml代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5" > <!-- 区分项目名称,防止默认重名 --> <context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name> <param-value>maven.example.root</param-value> </context-param> <!-- Spring的log4j监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 字符集 过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- Spring view分发器 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
4.2 编写Spring配置文件dispatcher-servlet.xml
如要添加MVC驱动、注解检测、视图解析等。dispatcher-servlet.xml代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd"> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.qunar.check" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
4.3 编写一个Controller层测试类
编写一个SpringMVC的Controller层测试类。此类只有一个方法做地址映射,并向页面传递一个数据。代码如下:
package Controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class TestController { @RequestMapping(value = "index.do") public void index_jsp(Model model) { model.addAttribute("name", "李秋你好"); System.out.println("index.jsp"); } }
4.4 编写index.jsp页面
首先在src/main/webapp/WEB-INF下建文件夹views。此处和dispatcher-servlet.xml配置文件中的prefix属性路径要一样。
在views下建index.jsp文件
我们使用jstl获取Controlleradd的数据。
Jsp页面代码如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <c:out value="${name}"></c:out> </body> </html>
五、测试
运行代码
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