zoj3329--One Person Game(概率dp第六弹：形成环的dp，带入系数，高斯消元)

One Person Game

1. Set the counter to 0 at first.
2. Roll the 3 dice simultaneously. If the up-facing number of Die1 is a, the up-facing number of Die2 is b and the
   up-facing number of Die3 is c, set the counter to 0. Otherwise, add the counter by the total value of the 3 up-facing numbers.
3. If the counter‘s number is still not greater than n, go to step 2. Otherwise the game is ended.

Calculate the expectation of the number of times that you cast dice before the end of the game.

Input

There are multiple test cases. The first line of input is an integer T (0 < T <= 300) indicating the number of test cases. Then T test cases
follow. Each test case is a line contains 7 non-negative integers n, K₁, K₂, K₃, a, b, c (0
<= n <= 500, 1 < K₁, K₂, K₃ <= 6, 1 <= a <= K₁,
1 <= b <= K₂, 1 <= c <= K₃).

Output

For each test case, output the answer in a single line. A relative error of 1e-8 will be accepted.

Sample Input

2
0 2 2 2 1 1 1
0 6 6 6 1 1 1

Sample Output

1.142857142857143
1.004651162790698

题目大意：给出了k1,k2,k3三个筛子。当k1 == a k2 == b k3 == c时分数归零，否则累加，问当总和到n以上须要的次数期望

状态方程非常好写。dp[i]代表由i到n以上须要的次数，dp[i] = ∑（p[j]*dp[i+j]）+q*dp[0] + 1。p[j]代表掷出和为j的概率，q为归零的概率。可是为问题出现了，在状态方程中有dp[0]这是我们要求解的值。所以要带入系数dpa[],dpb[]，dp[i] = dpa[i] + dpb[i]*dp[0] ;

最后求解出dp[0] = dpa[0] + dpb[0]*dp[0]，能够解除dp[0];

dp[i] = dpa[i] + dpb[i]*dp[0] = ∑（p[j]*dp[i+j]）+ q*dp[0]+1;

得到dpa[i] = ∑( p[j]*dpa[i+j] ) + 1 ;   dpb[i] = ∑( p[j]*dpb[i+j] ) + q ;

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
double p[20] , q , cnt ;
double dpa[600] , dpb[600] ;
int main()
{
    int t , n , m , i , j , k , l , k1 , k2 , k3 , a , b , c ;
    scanf("%d", &t);
    while(t--)
    {
        scanf("%d %d %d %d %d %d %d", &n, &k1, &k2, &k3, &a, &b, &c);
        memset(p,0,sizeof(p));
        memset(dpa,0,sizeof(dpa));
        memset(dpb,0,sizeof(dpb));
        p[a+b+c] = -1 ;
        cnt = 0 ;
        m = k1 + k2 + k3 ;
        for(i = 1 ; i <= k1 ; i++)
            for(j = 1 ; j <= k2 ; j++)
                for(k = 1 ; k <= k3 ; k++)
                {
                    p[i+j+k] += 1.0 ;
                    cnt += 1.0 ;
                }
        for(i = 3; i <= m ; i++)
            p[i] /= cnt ;
        q = 1.0 / cnt ;
        for(i = n ; i >= 0 ; i--)
        {
            dpa[i] = 1.0 ; dpb[i] = q ;
            for(j = 3 ; j <= k1+k2+k3 ; j++)
            {
                dpa[i] += p[j]*dpa[i+j] ;
                dpb[i] += p[j]*dpb[i+j] ;
            }
        }
        printf("%.10lf\n", dpa[0]/(1-dpb[0]));
    }
    return 0;
}