with as语法
–针对一个别名
with tmp as (select * from tb_name)
–针对多个别名
with
tmp as (select * from tb_name),
tmp2 as (select * from tb_name2),
tmp3 as (select * from tb_name3),
…
--相当于建了个e临时表 with e as (select * from scott.emp e where e.empno=7499) select * from e; --相当于建了e、d临时表 with e as (select * from scott.emp), d as (select * from scott.dept) select * from e, d where e.deptno = d.deptno;
其实就是把一大堆重复用到的sql语句放在with as里面,取一个别名,后面的查询就可以用它,这样对于大批量的sql语句起到一个优化的作用,而且清楚明了。
向一张表插入数据的with as用法
insert into table2 with s1 as (select rownum c1 from dual connect by rownum <= 10), s2 as (select rownum c2 from dual connect by rownum <= 10) select a.c1, b.c2 from s1 a, s2 b where...;
select s1.sid, s2.sid from s1 ,s2需要有关联条件,不然结果会是笛卡尔积。
with as 相当于虚拟视图。
with as短语,也叫做子查询部分(subquery factoring),可以让你做很多事情,定义一个sql片断,该sql片断会被整个sql语句所用到。有的时候,是为了让sql语句的可读性更高些,也有可能是在union all的不同部分,作为提供数据的部分。
特别对于union all比较有用。因为union all的每个部分可能相同,但是如果每个部分都去执行一遍的话,则成本太高,所以可以使用with as短语,则只要执行一遍即可。如果with as短语所定义的表名被调用两次以上,则优化器会自动将with as短语所获取的数据放入一个temp表里,如果只是被调用一次,则不会。而提示materialize则是强制将with as短语里的数据放入一个全局临时表里。很多查询通过这种方法都可以提高速度。
with sql1 as (select to_char(a) s_name from test_tempa), sql2 as (select to_char(b) s_name from test_tempb where not exists (select s_name from sql1 where rownum=1)) select * from sql1 union all select * from sql2 union all select ‘no records‘ from dual where not exists (select s_name from sql1 where rownum=1) and not exists (select s_name from sql2 where rownum=1);
with as优点
增加了sql的易读性,如果构造了多个子查询,结构会更清晰;
更重要的是:“一次分析,多次使用”,这也是为什么会提供性能的地方,达到了“少读”的目标