Hive安装配置及基本操作
1. Hive安装及配置
(1). 上传文件到Hadoop102节点，解压到/opt/moudle
(2). 修改/opt/module/hive/conf目录下的hive-env.sh.template名称为hive-env.sh
[[email protected] conf]$ cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh(3). 配置hive-env.sh文件
? (a). 配置HADOOP_HOME路径 :
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2? (b).配置HIVE_CONF_DIR路径 :
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/module/hive/conf
2. Hadoop集群的配置
（1）必须启动HDFS和YARN
[[email protected] conf]$ start-dfs.sh
[[email protected] module]$ start-yarn.sh
[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.2]$ mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver（2）在HDFS上创建/tmp和/user/hive/warehouse两个目录并修改他们的同组权限可写
[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /tmp
[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse
[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w /tmp
[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.2]$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse3. Hive基本操作
（1）启动hive
[[email protected] hive]$ bin/hive（2）查看数据库
hive> show databases;（3）打开默认数据库
hive> use default;（4）显示default数据库中的表
hive> show tables;（5）创建一张表
hive> create table student(id int,name string);（6）显示数据库中有几张表
hive> show tables;（7）查看表的结构
hive> desc student;
OK
id int
name string
Time taken: 0.413 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)（8）向表中插入数据
hive> insert into student values(1000,"simon");（9）查询表中数据
hive> select * from student;（10）退出hive
hive> quit;4. 将本地文件导入Hive案例
需求:
? 将本地/opt/module/datas/student.txt这个目录下的数据导入到hive的student(id int, name string)表 中。
hive> create table student(id int, name string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED
BY '\t';
--导入本地数据
hive> load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/student.txt' into table student;查看是否插入成功：
hive> select * from student;
OK
1001 zhangshan
1002 lishi
1003 zhaoliu
Time taken: 0.266 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)再打开一个客户端窗口启动hive，会产生java.sql.SQLException异常:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException:
Unable to instantiate
org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:522)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:677)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1523)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:86)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:132)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:104)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:3005)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3024)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:503)原因是，Metastore默认存储在自带的derby数据库中，推荐使用MySQL存储Metastore;
5. 安装Mysql及配置Hive的元数据存放位置
5.1．查看mysql是否安装，如果安装了，卸载mysql
(1). 查看是否安装了Mysql:
[[email protected] 桌面]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64(2). 卸载掉已安装的Mysql：
[[email protected] 桌面]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64(3). 解压mysql-libs.zip 文件到当前目录
[[email protected] software]# unzip mysql-libs.zip
[[email protected] software]# ls
mysql-libs.zip
mysql-libs(4). 进入到mysql-libs文件夹下
[[email protected] mysql-libs]# ll
总用量 76048
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18509960 3月 26 2015 MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3575135 12月 1 2013 mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 55782196 3月 26 2015 MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm5.2 安装Mysql服务器
(1).安装mysql服务端
[[email protected] mysql-libs]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm (2).查看产生的随机密码
[[email protected] mysql-libs]# cat /root/.mysql_secret
# The random password set for the root user at Sat Nov 2 21:44:35 2019 (local time): sMUtG2RWFg3XUr4M(3).查看mysql的状态
[[email protected] mysql-libs]# service mysql staus
Usage: mysql {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ](4).启动mysql
[[email protected] mysql-libs]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. [确定]5.3 安装mysql客户端
(1).解压客户端安装包
[[email protected] mysql-libs]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm (2). 连接mysql
[[email protected] mysql-libs]# mysql -uroot -psMUtG2RWFg3XUr4M(3).修改密码：
mysql> SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('zxc147');(4).退出mysql
mysql> quit5.4 mysql的user表中主机配置
配置只要是root用户+密码，在任何主机上都能登录MySQL数据库。
(1).进入mysql
[[email protected] mysql-libs]# mysql -uroot -pzxc147(2).显示数据库
mysql> show databases;(3).使用msql数据库
mysql> use mysql;(4).展示mysql数据库中的所有数据表
mysql>show tables;(5).使用user表
mysql>use user;(6). 描述表的结构
mysql>desc User;(7). 查询user表
mysql> select Host, User,Password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host | User | Password |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *3114DECCB22104A2045E0132C007737A52C7E11D |
| hadoop102 | root | *9178AE26D29780ECED756CA0AABE2442BF1CAA41 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *9178AE26D29780ECED756CA0AABE2442BF1CAA41 |
| ::1 | root | *9178AE26D29780ECED756CA0AABE2442BF1CAA41 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+(8).修改user表，把Host改成%
mysql> update user set host='%' where host = 'localhost';(9).删除root用户其他host
mysql> delete from user where host <>'%';(10).刷新权限信息
mysql> flush privileges;(11).退出
mysql>quit;5.5 配置Metastore到MySql
(1).在/opt/module/hive/conf目录下创建一个文件hive-site.xml
根据官方文档配置参数，拷贝数据到hive-site.xml文件中
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/metastore?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>zxc147</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
</configuration>
(2). 将/opt/software/mysql-libs目录下解压mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz驱动包，
拷贝mysql-connector-java-5.1.27-bin.jar到/opt/module/hive/lib/
[[email protected] mysql-libs]# tar -zxf mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz -C /opt/module/hive/lib/(3). 配置完毕后，如果启动hive异常，可以重新启动虚拟机。（重启后，别忘了启动hadoop集群）
6. 多窗口启动Hive测试
(1). 首先启动mysql
[[email protected] mysql-libs]# mysql -uroot -pzxc147(2). 查看有几个数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)(2). 再打开多个窗口，分别启动hive
[[email protected] hive]$ bin/hive(3). 启动hive后，回到MySQL窗口查看数据库，显示增加了metastore数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| metastore |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+7. HiveJDBC访问
(1). 启动hiveserver2服务
[[email protected] hive]$ bin/hiveserver2 (2). 启动beeline
[[email protected] hive]$ bin/beeline
Beeline version 1.2.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> (3). 连接hiveserver2
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000 #(回车)
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000
Enter username for jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000: simon #(输入用户名回车)
Enter password for jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000: #(直接回车)
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.2.1)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.2.1)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ(4). 使用测试
0: jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000> show databases;
+----------------+--+
| database_name |
+----------------+--+
| default |
+----------------+--+
1 row selected (1.083 seconds)8. Hive的常用交互命令
[[email protected] hive]$ bin/hive -help
usage: hive
-d,--define <key=value> Variable subsitution to apply to hive
commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B
--database <databasename> Specify the database to use
-e <quoted-query-string> SQL from command line
-f <filename> SQL from files
-H,--help Print help information
--hiveconf <property=value> Use value for given property
--hivevar <key=value> Variable subsitution to apply to hive
commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B
-i <filename> Initialization SQL file
-S,--silent Silent mode in interactive shell
-v,--verbose Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the console)
(1). “-e”不进入hive的交互窗口执行sql语句
[[email protected] hive]$ bin/hive -e "select id from student;"(2)．“-f”执行脚本中sql语句
? (a). 编写脚本文件：在/opt/module/datas目录下创建hivef.sql文件
[[email protected] datas]$ touch hivef.sql? (b). 文件中写入正确的sql语句
```sqlselect *from student;
```
? (c). 执行文件中的sql语句
[[email protected] hive]$ bin/hive -f /opt/module/datas/hivef.sql? (d) .执行文件中的sql语句并将结果写入文件中
[[email protected] hive]$ bin/hive -f /opt/module/datas/hivef.sql > /opt/module/datas/hive_result.txt9.Hive其他命令操作
(1). 退出hive窗口：
hive(default)>exit;
hive(default)>quit;在新版的hive中没区别了，在以前的版本是有的：
exit:先隐性提交数据，再退出；
quit:不提交数据，退出；
(2).在hive cli命令窗口中如何查看hdfs文件系统
hive(default)>dfs -ls /;(3). 在hive cli命令窗口中如何查看本地文件系统
hive(default)>! ls /opt/module/datas;(4). 查看在hive中输入的所有历史命令
? （1）进入到当前用户的根目录/root或/home/simon
? （2）查看. hivehistory文件
[[email protected] ~]$ cat .hivehistory 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/simon-1024/p/11784761.html
时间： 2024-11-12 07:21:32