Linux下安装oracle 11g数据库（一）
1 内存的要求
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最低配置: 1 GB of RAM 推荐配置: 2 GB of RAM or more 确定内存大小,输入下面的命令：grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo 确定系统版本,输入下面的命令：uname –m 确定交换空间的大小,输入下面的命令：grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo 确定可用的内存和交换空间,输入下面的命令：free |
2 磁盘空间要求
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数据库软件 |
数据库软件需要的大小 |
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企业版 |
4.7G |
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标准版 |
4.6G |
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数据库文件 |
数据库文件需要的大小 |
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企业版 |
1.7G |
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标准版 |
1.5G |
3 检查软件要求
3.1 Oracle Database 11gRelease 2 (11.2)所支持的系统：
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■ Asianux Server 3 SP2 ■ Asianux Server 4 SP3 ■ Oracle Linux 4 Update 7 ■ Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel) ■ Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 ■ Oracle Linux 6 ■ Oracle Linux 6 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel) ■ Oracle Linux 7 ■ Oracle Linux 7 (with the Red Hat Compatible Kernel) ■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7 ■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2 ■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 ■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 ■ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2 ■ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 |
3.2 内核的要求
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■ On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 2.6.9 or later ■ On Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel 2.6.18 or later ■ On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel 2.6.18 or later ■ On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 2.6.32-100.0.19 or later ■ On Oracle Linux 6 2.6.32-100.28.5.el6.x86_64 or later ■ On Oracle Linux 6 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel 2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later ■ On Oracle Linux 7 3.8.13-33.el7uek.x86_64 or later ■ On Oracle Linux 7 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel 3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later ■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2 2.6.18 or later ■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5 2.6.18 or later ■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later ■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later ■ On Asianux Server 3 2.6.18 or later ■ On Asianux Server 4 2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 2.6.16.21 or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 2.6.27.19 or later |
确定所需的内核安装,输入下面的命令：uname –r
3.3 64位操作系统对应的软件包要求
3.3.1 Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
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binutils-2.15.92.0.2 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit) elfutils-libelf-0.97 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97 expat-1.95.7 gcc-3.4.6 gcc-c++-3.4.6 glibc-2.3.4-2.41 glibc-2.3.4-2.41 (32 bit) glibc-common-2.3.4 glibc-devel-2.3.4 glibc-headers-2.3.4 libaio-0.3.105 libaio-0.3.105 (32 bit) libaio-devel-0.3.105 libaio-devel-0.3.105 (32 bit) libgcc-3.4.6 libgcc-3.4.6 (32-bit) libstdc++-3.4.6 libstdc++-3.4.6 (32 bit) libstdc++-devel 3.4.6 make-3.80 numactl-0.6.4.x86_64 pdksh-5.2.14 sysstat-5.0.5 |
3.3.2 Oracle Linux 5, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and Asianux Server 3
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binutils-2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit) coreutils-5.97-23.el5_4.1 elfutils-libelf-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 gcc-4.1.2 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-2.5-24 glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit) glibc-common-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit) glibc-headers-2.5 ksh-20060214 libaio-0.3.106 libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit) libaio-devel-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit) libgcc-4.1.2 libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit) libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit) libstdc++-devel 4.1.2 make-3.81 sysstat-7.0.2 |
3.3.3 Oracle Linux 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, and Asianux Server 4
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binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64) compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686 gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686) glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686 ksh libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686) libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686 libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 make-3.81-19.el6 sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64) |
3.3.4 Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
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binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64 gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 ksh libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64 |
3.3.5 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10
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binutils-2.16.91.0.5 compat-libstdc++-5.0.7 gcc-4.1.0 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-2.4-31.63 glibc-devel-2.4-31.63 glibc-devel-32bit-2.4-31.63 ksh-93r-12.9 libaio-0.3.104 libaio-32bit-0.3.104 libaio-devel-0.3.104 libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104 libelf-0.8.5 libgcc-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 make-3.80 numactl-0.9.6.x86_64 sysstat-8.0.4 |
3.3.6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
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binutils-2.19 gcc-4.3 gcc-32bit-4.3 gcc-c++-4.3 glibc-2.9 glibc-32bit-2.9 glibc-devel-2.9 glibc-devel-32bit-2.9 ksh-93t libaio-0.3.104 libaio-32bit-0.3.104 libaio-devel-0.3.104 libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104 libstdc++33-3.3.3 libstdc++33-32bit-3.3.3 libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022 libstdc++43-32bit-4.3.3_20081022 libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022 libstdc++43-devel-32bit-4.3.3_20081022 libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022 libstdc++-devel-4.3 make-3.81 sysstat-8.1.5 |
确定所需的安装包, 输入下面的命令: rpm -q package_name
4 创建所需的操作系统组和用户
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4.1 创建Oracle Inventory组：/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall 4.2 创建OSDBA组：/usr/sbin/groupadd dba 4.3 创建OSASM组: /usr/sbin/groupadd asmadmin 4.4 创建OSDBA组: /usr/sbin/groupadd asmdba 4.5 创建软件用户：/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba asmdba oracle 4.6 创建用户密码：passwd oracle |
5 配置内核参数和资源限制
5.1 内核参数
Vim /etc/sysctl.conf //添加或者编辑
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fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 net.ipv4.tcp_wmen = 262144 262144 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_rmen = 4194304 4194304 4194304 |
命令：/sbin/sysctl –p //参数生效
命令：/sbin/sysctl –a //检测参数。
5.2 限制参数
Vim /etc/security/limits.conf
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oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768 |
6 创建oracle base目录
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6.1 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle 6.2 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/ 6.3 chmod -R 775 /u01/app/ |
7 数据库文件目录
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7.1 mkdir /mount_point/oradata 7.2 chown oracle:oinstall /mount_point/oradata 7.3 chmod 775 /mount_point/oradata |
8 恢复文件目录
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8.1 mkdir /mount_point/fast_recovery_area 8.2 chown oracle:oinstall /mount_point/fast_recovery_area 8.3 chmod 775 /mount_point/fast_recovery_area |
9 编辑Oracle用户环境
9.1 su – oracle
9.2 vi .bash_profile
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umask 022 export TMP=/mount_point/tmp export TMPDIR=/mount_point/tmp export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_SID=orcle export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/ product/11.2.0/db_1 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/PATH |