gitlab安装与应用

1、gitlab介绍

Gitlab的优势和应用场景：
     开源免费，适合中小型公司将代码放置在该系统中；
     差异化的版本管理，离线同步以及强大分支管理功能；
     便捷的GUI操作界面以及强大账户权限管理功能；
     集成度很高，能够集成绝大多数的开发工具；
     支持内置HA，保证在高并发下仍旧实现高可用性；

GitLab主要服务构成：
     Nginx静态Web服务器；
     Gitlab-workhorse轻量级的反向代理服务器；
     Gitlab-shell 用于处理Git命令和修改authorized keys列表；
     Logrotate 日志文件管理工具
     Postgresql 数据库
     Redis 缓存服务器

GitLab的工作流程：
     创建并克隆项目
     创建项目某Feature分支
     编写代码并提交至该分支
     推送该项目分支至远程Gitlab服务器
     进行代码检查并提交Master主分支合并申请
     项目领导审查代码并确认合并申请

2、gitlab安装配置

1)安装gitlab-ce

1.安装Gitlab组件
    yum-y install curl policycoreutils openssh-server openssh-clients postfix

2.配置YUM仓库
    curl -sS https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ce/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

3.启动postfix邮件服务
    systemctl start postfix && systemctl enable postfix

4.安装Gitlab-ce社区版本
    使用国内的镜像源，比较快：
    vim /etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab-ce.repo
        [gitlab-ce]
        name=Gitlab CE Repository
        baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el$releasever/
        gpgcheck=0
        enabled=1

    yum makecache
    yum install -y gitlab-ce

2)Gitlab等相关配置初始化并完成安装

1.证书创建与配置加载
    [[email protected] ]# mkdir -p /etc/gitlab/ssl && cd /etc/gitlab/ssl
    [[email protected] ssl]# openssl genrsa -out "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.example.com.key" 2048
    [[email protected] ssl]# cd /etc/gitlab/ssl/
    [[email protected] ssl]# openssl req -new -key "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.example.com.key" -out "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.example.com.csr"
        """
        Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn  #cn
        State or Province Name (full name) []:bj  #bj
        Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:bj  #bj
        Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:  #回车
        Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:  #回车
        Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []:gitlab.example.com  #gitlab.example.com
        Email Address []:[email protected]  #[email protected]

        Please enter the following ‘extra‘ attributes
        to be sent with your certificate request
        A challenge password []:123456  #123456
        An optional company name []:  #回车
        """

    [[email protected] ssl]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.example.com.csr" -signkey "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.example.com.key" -out "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.example.com.crt"
    [[email protected] ssl]# openssl dhparam -out /etc/gitlab/ssl/dhparams.pem 2048
    [[email protected] ssl]# chmod 600 *
    [[email protected] ssl]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
        external_url ‘https://gitlab.example.com‘  #29行
        nginx[‘redirect_http_to_https‘] = true   #1112行，去掉注释改为true
        #nginx[‘ssl_certificate‘] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.example.com.crt"  #1124行
        #nginx[‘ssl_certificate_key‘] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.example.com.key"  #1125行
        #nginx[‘ssl_dhparam‘] = /etc/gitlab/ssl/dhparams.pem     #1139行
    [[email protected] ssl]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure    

2.Nginx SSL代理服务配置
    [[email protected] ssl]# vim /var/opt/gitlab/nginx/conf/gitlab-http.conf
        rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;  #38行

    [[email protected] ssl]# gitlab-ctl restart
    [[email protected] ssl]# netstat -ntlp

    我的是虚拟机，需要编辑windows本机的hosts写入下面的内容代替DNS解析:
        192.168.3.202 gitlab.example.com

3.初始化Gitlab相关服务并完成安装
    浏览器打开：gitlab.example.com
    需要先改密码； 默认用户root 然后输入你的密码，登录；

说明：生产场景应单独配置gitlab的仓库目录；

3、gitlab初步测试

在 gitlab中创建一个project：test-project

然后在本地的windows中使用Git Bash操作：

#在Git Bash里面可以使用linux命令

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ pwd
/c/Users/Administrator/Desktop

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ mkdir repo  #在桌面上创建一个repo目录

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ cd repo

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop/repo
$ git -c http.sslVerify=false clone https://gitlab.example.com/root/test-repo.git  # 把刚才创建的project克隆下来
Cloning into ‘test-repo‘...
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop/repo
$ ls  #ls
test-repo/

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop/repo
$ cd test-repo/  

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop/repo/test-repo (master)
$ vim test.py  #进来创建一个测试文件

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop/repo/test-repo (master)
$ cat test.py
print("This is a test code")

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop/repo/test-repo (master)
$ git add .
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in test.py.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop/repo/test-repo (master)
$ git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop/repo/test-repo (master)
$ git config --global user.name "admin"

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop/repo/test-repo (master)
$ git commit -m"First commit"
[master (root-commit) c4f1c38] First commit
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 test.py

[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop/repo/test-repo (master)
$ git -c http.sslVerify=false push origin master  #上传
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 232 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://gitlab.example.com/root/test-repo.git
 * [new branch]      master -> master