1 描述

dir()函数可以查看（打印）对象的属性和方法。不管时那种对象（python中一切皆对象）类型（数据，模块）都有自己的属性和方法。

dir() 函数不带参数时，返回当前范围内的变量、方法和定义的类型列表；

带参数时，返回参数的属性、方法列表。

如果参数包含方法__dir__()，该方法将被调用。如果参数不包含__dir__()，该方法将最大限度地收集参数信息。

2 语法

dir(object)

• object -- 对象、变量、类型。

3 返回值

返回对象的属性列表

4 示例

4.1 获取当前模块的属性列表

>>> dir()
[‘__builtins__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__loader__‘, ‘__name__‘, ‘__package__‘, ‘__spec__‘, ‘a‘]

4.2 获取列表的的方法

>>> dir([])
[‘__add__‘, ‘__class__‘, ‘__contains__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__delitem__‘, ‘__dir__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__ge__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getitem__‘, ‘__gt__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__iadd__‘, ‘__imul__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__iter__‘, ‘__le__‘, ‘__len__‘, ‘__lt__‘, ‘__mul__‘, ‘__ne__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__reversed__‘, ‘__rmul__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__setitem__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘append‘, ‘clear‘, ‘copy‘, ‘count‘, ‘extend‘, ‘index‘, ‘insert‘, ‘pop‘, ‘remove‘, ‘reverse‘, ‘sort‘]

>>> a = [1,2]
>>> dir(a)
[‘__add__‘, ‘__class__‘, ‘__contains__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__delitem__‘, ‘__dir__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__ge__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getitem__‘, ‘__gt__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__iadd__‘, ‘__imul__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__iter__‘, ‘__le__‘, ‘__len__‘, ‘__lt__‘, ‘__mul__‘, ‘__ne__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__reversed__‘, ‘__rmul__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__setitem__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘append‘, ‘clear‘, ‘copy‘, ‘count‘, ‘extend‘, ‘index‘, ‘insert‘, ‘pop‘, ‘remove‘, ‘reverse‘, ‘sort‘]

两种操作方法所得结果一样，都是查看列表都有哪些操作方法及属性的

4.3 查看模块的属性、方法

>>> import time   #导入模块
>>> dir(time)       #查看模块
[‘CLOCK_MONOTONIC‘, ‘CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW‘, ‘CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID‘, ‘CLOCK_REALTIME‘, ‘CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID‘, ‘_STRUCT_TM_ITEMS‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__loader__‘, ‘__name__‘, ‘__package__‘, ‘__spec__‘, ‘altzone‘, ‘asctime‘, ‘clock‘, ‘clock_getres‘, ‘clock_gettime‘, ‘clock_settime‘, ‘ctime‘, ‘daylight‘, ‘get_clock_info‘, ‘gmtime‘, ‘localtime‘, ‘mktime‘, ‘monotonic‘, ‘perf_counter‘, ‘process_time‘, ‘sleep‘, ‘strftime‘, ‘strptime‘, ‘struct_time‘, ‘time‘, ‘timezone‘, ‘tzname‘, ‘tzset‘]