Nginx虚拟主机配置

利用虚拟主机技术，可以把一台真正的主机分成许多“虚拟”的主机，每一台虚拟主机都具有独立的域名和IP地址，具有完整的Internet服务器（www，FTP，email）功能。虚拟主机之间完全独立，在外界看来，每一台虚拟主机和一台独立的主机完全一样。效果一样但费用却大不一样了。由于多台虚拟主机共享一台真实主机的资源，每个虚拟主机用户承受的硬件费用、网络维护费用、通信线路的费用均大幅度降低，Internet真正成为人人用得起的网络！

虚拟主机共分为三种：基于IP的虚拟主机，基于端口的虚拟主机和基于名称的虚拟主机。前两种由于受到成本和客户使用习惯的限制，相对使用的没有基于名称的虚拟主机多，以下我们介绍一下三种虚拟主机的配置。

1. 基于名称的虚拟主机

首先，创建虚拟主机的目录，

[[email protected] nginx]# mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/virtual_sites/www.example.com
[[email protected] nginx]# cd /usr/local/nginx/virtual_sites/
[[email protected] www.example.com]# echo "Welcome to  > index.html

修改nginx的配置文件，添加server字段，

[[email protected] nginx]# grep -B2 -A2 www.example.com conf/nginx.conf
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name   www.example.com;
        root virtual_sites/www.example.com;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

之后，重启nginx服务，

[[email protected] nginx]# service nginx restart
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
Stopping nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
[[email protected] nginx]#

客户端访问该虚拟主机，这里并没有配置DNS，使用了/etc/hosts作为域名解析，

[[email protected] ~]# links www.example.com

2. 基于IP的虚拟主机

    server {
        listen 192.168.1.150:80;
        root   virtual_sites/150.com;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

添加虚拟IP地址，并重启nginx，

[[email protected] nginx]# ifconfig eth1:0 192.168.1.150
[[email protected] nginx]# service nginx restart

使用netstat查看，nginx是否启动成功，

[[email protected] nginx]# netstat -antup 
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.151:8080          0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1501/nginx          
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1501/nginx          
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      801/sshd            
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      877/master          
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.129:22            192.168.1.106:59326         ESTABLISHED 1191/sshd           
tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN      801/sshd            
tcp        0      0 ::1:25                      :::*                        LISTEN      877/master          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68                  0.0.0.0:*                               1007/dhclient

客户端来验证一把，

[[email protected] ~]# links 192.168.1.150

3. 基于端口的虚拟主机

    server {
        listen 8080;
        root   virtual_sites/151.com;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

配置起来很简单，配置完毕，重启nginx服务，

[[email protected]ter nginx]# service nginx restart
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
Stopping nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting nginx:

查看端口是否已监听8080，

[[email protected] nginx]# netstat -antup
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8080                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx          
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx          
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      801/sshd            
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      877/master          
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.129:22            192.168.1.106:59326         ESTABLISHED 1191/sshd           
tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN      801/sshd            
tcp        0      0 ::1:25                      :::*                        LISTEN      877/master          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68                  0.0.0.0:*                               1007/dhclient

客户端进行访问验证，

[[email protected] ~]# links 192.168.1.151:8080