requests利用selenium,代理Ip,云打码，验证码抠图操作 爬取搜狗微信公众号内容

import requests
from lxml import etree
import time
import json
import random
from dama import yundama
from selenium import webdriver
from PIL import Image  #处理图片包
import pymysql
import re
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError

#=============================代理ip封装函数=======================
def get_ip():  #代理Ip
    url = ‘http://piping.mogumiao.com/proxy/api/‘  #代理ip的api接口
    time.sleep(random.uniform(1, 3))
    response = requests.get(url=url).json()
    n = response[‘msg‘][0]
    ip = {}
    ip[‘http‘] = ‘http://‘+n[‘ip‘]+‘:‘+n[‘port‘]
    return ip
#===================================================================
#随机更换请求头
user_agent = [
    ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER‘,
    ‘Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)‘,
    ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)‘
    ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0‘,
    ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)‘,
    ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36 OPR/26.0.1656.60‘,
    ‘Opera/8.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en)‘,
    ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en; rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061208 Firefox/2.0.0 Opera 9.50‘,
    ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; en) Opera 9.50‘
]
#===================================================================
#链接数据库
db = pymysql.Connect(
    db = ‘test‘,
    user = ‘root‘,
    port = 3306,
    host = ‘localhost‘,
    password = ‘mysql‘,
    charset = ‘utf8‘
)
cursor = db.cursor()

proxi = None  #定义全局变量代理用
count = 0   #计数用
def sougou(page):
    global proxi,count  #改变全局变量            #可以修改关键字查询其它
    url = ‘http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?query=python&_sug_type_=&s_from=input&_sug_=n&type=1&ie=utf8&page=‘+str(page)
    headers = {
        ‘Referer‘: ‘http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=1&query=python&ie=utf8&s_from=input&_sug_=n&_sug_type_=1&w=01015002&oq=&ri=5&sourceid=sugg&sut=0&sst0=1540733222633&lkt=0%2C0%2C0&p=40040108‘,
        ‘User-Agent‘: random.choice(user_agent),
        ‘Cookie‘: ‘CXID=04C14DAB703E117FA82047F41148A82D; SUID=82F4FB723665860A5AB30BA8000211FB; SUV=1526707509991840; UM_distinctid=16376dbdee02b1-0820fe9948d64e-c343567-100200-16376dbdee4fb8; IPLOC=CN1100; usid=ue2M7rhDvZ5zfSvQ; pgv_pvi=1717965824; dt_ssuid=4873588560; ssuid=9294144357; pex=C864C03270DED3DD8A06887A372DA219231FFAC25A9D64AE09E82AED12E416AC; weixinIndexVisited=1; [email protected]@@@@@@@@@; [email protected]@@@@@@@@@@@; ABTEST=8|1540692132|v1; GOTO=Af71175-1502; SUIR=1AC841BDC9CDB1889FD40AC7C92328E1; SNUID=DD51FF0D787D0E234D0D8342788E1DC9; sct=38; JSESSIONID=aaaFhG5t_2zIAdtqom-Aw; Hm_lvt_dde6ba2851f3db0ddc415ce0f895822e=1540807114,1540807224,1540808537,1540816279; Hm_lpvt_dde6ba2851f3db0ddc415ce0f895822e=1540816279‘
    }  #注意cookie存活时长

    try: #捕获异常（主要针对错误的代理ip）
        if proxi: #判断加上代理则执行
            response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, proxies=proxi)
        else: #none为不加代理
            response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, proxies=proxi)
        html = etree.HTML(response.text)
        datas = html.xpath("//p[@class=‘tit‘]/a")
    #-------------------------------------------------------------------
        if len(response.text) > 5500:#如果不是验证码页面
            for i in datas:
                gongzhonghao = ‘‘.join(i.xpath(‘.//text()‘))  #公众号
                gongzhonghao_url = i.xpath(‘.//@href‘)[0]  #公众号url
                list_response = requests.get(url=gongzhonghao_url, headers=headers)

                if len(list_response.text) > 6500: #如果不是验证码页面
                    res = re.compile(r‘var msgList = (.*?)};‘, re.S)  #正则取出json数据
                    lists = json.loads(res.findall(list_response.text)[0] + ‘}‘)[‘list‘]  #转python格式
                    for i in lists:
                        title_name = i[‘app_msg_ext_info‘][‘title‘]  #获取文章标题
                        content_url = ‘https://mp.weixin.qq.com‘ + i[‘app_msg_ext_info‘][‘content_url‘].replace(‘amp;‘, ‘‘)#取出内容也的url并处理
                        content_response = requests.get(url=content_url, headers=headers)#请求内容页面
                        # time.sleep(random.uniform(1,3)) #建议打开随机休眠时间
                        html1 = etree.HTML(content_response.text)
                        contents = ‘‘.join(html1.xpath(‘//*[@id="js_content"]//text()‘)).strip() #文章内容
                        img = html1.xpath(‘//*[@id="js_content"]//img/@data-src‘) #图片
                        if len(img)==0:  #判断页面是否有无图片
                            imgs = ‘图片暂无‘
                        else:
                            imgs = img
    # -------------------------------------------------------------------
                        #数据库查询是否已存在
                        check = ‘select * from weixin where title="{}"‘.format(title_name)
                        result = cursor.execute(check)#返回查询语句的影响行数
                        if result == 0:
                            #不存在则执行添加sql语句
                            sql = ‘insert into weixin VALUES (0,%s,%s)‘
                            cursor.execute(sql, [title_name, re.sub(r‘\W‘, ‘‘, contents)])#替换文章特殊字符
                            count += 1  #计数
                            print(count, title_name)
                        else:
                            print(‘{}----------已存在‘.format(title_name))
                        db.commit()#数据库提交

                else:#验证码页面则重新发起请求
                    web = webdriver.Chrome()
                    web.maximize_window()  #页面最大化
                    web.get(list_response.url) #请求验证码页面
                    web.save_screenshot("D:\\quan.png")#截取全屏并保存到该路径
                    imgs = web.find_element_by_id(‘verify_img‘) #验证码页面定位验证码图片元素位置
                    #第一步取参数
                    place = imgs.location  #验证码的坐标位置
                    size = imgs.size    #验证码的大小
                    #第二部整理参数（数据为元组）
                    rangle = (int(place[‘x‘]), int(place[‘y‘]), int(place[‘x‘] + size[‘width‘]),
                              int(place[‘y‘] + size[‘height‘]))  # 写成我们需要截取的位置坐标
                    #第三步导入PIL，打开截图
                    i = Image.open("D:\\quan.png")
                    #第四部进行抠图操作
                    frame4 = i.crop(rangle)  # 使用Image的crop函数，从截图中再次截取我们需要的区域
                    #第五步 保存抠下来的验证码
                    frame4.save(‘D:\\cropped.png‘)  # 保存我们接下来的验证码图片 进行打码
                    web.find_element_by_id(‘input‘).send_keys(yundama())#调用云打码返回参数并发送到input框
                    time.sleep(1)
                    web.find_element_by_id(‘bt‘).click()#点击提交
                    time.sleep(2)
                    web.close() #关闭浏览器

        else:#验证码页面文本长度低于5500
            proxi = get_ip()  #代理生效
            print(‘第一个页面{}正在使用代理ip‘.format(proxi))
            sougou(page)  #递归调用本身

    except ConnectionError:  #代理ip不能用的
        proxi = get_ip()
        print(‘{}请求出错，更换代理ip‘.format(proxi))
        sougou(page)

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
　　for page in range(1,7):#循环页码
    　　sougou(page)

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/lvye001/p/9873796.html