目标:实现主从复制,读写分离
环境:
mysql-proxy:192.168.1.21 version:5.0.77
mysql-master:192.168.1.24 version:5.0.95
mysql-slave:192.168.1.7 version:5.0.95
一.主从配置过程:
登陆mysql-master:
授权给从数据库服务器192.168.1.7
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to ‘rep1‘@‘192.168.1.7‘ identified by ‘123qwe‘;
查询主数据库状态
Mysql> show master status;
----------------问题解决办法---------------------------------------------
问题1:
show master status;
没有数据显示
解决办法:
1.关闭从库
2.show variables like ‘%log_bin%‘;
查看是否是OFF,如果是
在/etc/my.cnf中添加
log-bin=mysql-bin
重启主mysql
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 98 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
记录下 FILE 及 Position 的值,在后面进行从服务器操作的时候需要用到。
配置从库
登陆mysql-slave:
修改从服务器的配置文件/etc/my.cnf
将 server-id = 1修改为 server-id = 10,并确保这个ID没有被别的MySQL服务所使用。
启动mysql
执行同步SQL语句
mysql> change master to
master_host=‘192.168.1.24‘,
master_user=‘rep1‘,
master_password=‘123qwe‘,
master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000001‘,
master_log_pos=98;
正确执行后启动Slave同步进程
mysql> start slave;
主从同步检查
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.24
Master_User: rep1
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 98
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 235
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
其中Slave_IO_Running 与 Slave_SQL_Running 的值都必须为YES,才表明状态正常。
-----------------------------问题解决办法-----------------------------------------------
问题:这里的Slave_IO_Running与Slave_SQL_Running必须都为YES才行,如果不行,可以使用以下命令查看问题原因:
tail /var/log/mysqld.log
比如:140220 21:59:29 [ERROR] Error reading packet from server: Misconfigured master - server id was not set ( server_errno=1236)
这句是说主数据库没有设置server-id值
解决办法:
在主数据库/etc/my.cnf配置
server-id=1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
如果主服务器已经存在应用数据,则在进行主从复制时,需要做以下处理:
(1)主数据库进行锁表操作,不让数据再进行写入动作
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
(2)查看主数据库状态
mysql> show master status;
(3)记录下 FILE 及 Position 的值。
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 98 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
将主服务器的数据文件(整个/opt/mysql/data目录)复制到从服务器,建议通过tar归档压缩后再传到从服务器解压。
(4)取消主数据库锁定
mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
从服务器上操作
change master to
master_host=‘192.168.1.24‘,
master_user=‘rep1‘,
master_password=‘123qwe‘,
master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000002‘,
master_log_pos=411;
mysql> start slave;
主从同步检查
mysql> show slave status\G
二.主从复制效果验证
主服务器上的操作
在主服务器上创建数据库first_db1
mysql> create database first_db1;
Query Ok, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
在主服务器上创建表first_tb
mysql> use first_db1;
mysql> create table first_tb1(id int(3),name char(10));
Query Ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
在主服务器上的表first_tb1中插入记录
mysql> insert into first_tb1 values (001,‘myself‘);
Query Ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
在从服务器上查看
mysql> show databases;
记录也已经存在
由此,整个MySQL主从复制的过程就完成了。
==========================================================================================
三.进行MySQL读写分离的安装与配置。
数据库Master主服务器:192.168.1.24
数据库Slave从服务器:192.168.1.7
Mysql-proxy调度服务器:192.168.1.21
登陆Mysql-proxy:
检查系统所需软件包
通过 rpm -qa | grep name 的方式验证以下软件包是否已全部安装。
gcc* gcc-c++* autoconf* automake* zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel* libmcrypt* libtool* flex* pkgconfig*
libevent* glib*
编译安装lua
MySQL-Proxy的读写分离主要是通过rw-splitting.lua脚本实现的,因此需要安装lua。
lua安装:
lua可通过以下方式获得
wget http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.1.4.tar.gz
tar -xzvf lua-5.1.4.tar.gz
cd lua-5.1.4
vi src/Makefile
在 CFLAGS= -O2 -Wall $(MYCFLAGS) 这一行记录里加上-fPIC,更改为 CFLAGS= -O2 -Wall -fPIC $(MYCFLAGS) 来避免编译过程中出现错误。
make linux
make install
cp etc/lua.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/lib/pkgconfig
proxy安装:
tar -xzvf mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-rhel5-x86-32bit.tar.gz
mv mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-rhel5-x86-32bit /opt/mysql-proxy
创建mysql-proxy服务管理脚本
mkdir /opt/mysql-proxy/init.d/
vim mysql-proxy
#!/bin/sh
#
# mysql-proxy This script starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 78 30
# processname: mysql-proxy
# description: mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon to mysql
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
#PROXY_PATH=/usr/local/bin
PROXY_PATH=/opt/mysql-proxy/bin
prog="mysql-proxy"
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
# Set default mysql-proxy configuration.
#PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon"
PROXY_OPTIONS="--proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.23.132:3306 --proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.23.131:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/opt/mysql-proxy/share/rw-splitting.lua"
PROXY_PID=/opt/mysql-proxy/run/mysql-proxy.pid
# Source mysql-proxy configuration.
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy
fi
PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PROXY_PATH
# By default it‘s all good
RETVAL=0
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
# Start daemon.
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
$NICELEVEL $PROXY_PATH/mysql-proxy $PROXY_OPTIONS --daemon --pid-file=$PROXY_PID --user=root --log-level=debug --log-file=/opt/mysql-proxy/log/mysql-proxy.log
RETVAL=$?
echo
if [ $RETVAL = 0 ]; then
touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy]
echo "ok"
fi
;;
stop)
# Stop daemons.
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog
RETVAL=$?
echo
if [ $RETVAL = 0 ]; then
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy
rm -f $PROXY_PID
fi
;;
restart)
$0 stop
sleep 3
$0 start
;;
condrestart)
[ -e /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy ] && $0 restart
;;
status)
status mysql-proxy
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status|condrestart}"
RETVAL=1
;;
esac
exit $RETVAL
--proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.1.7:3306 \ //定义后端只读从服务器地址
--proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.1.24:3306 \ //定义后端主服务器地址
--proxy-lua-script=/opt/mysql-proxy/scripts/rw-splitting.lua" \ //定义lua读写分离脚本路径
PROXY_PID=/opt/mysql-proxy/run/mysql-proxy.pid //定义mysql-proxy PID文件路径
$NICELEVEL $PROXY_PATH/mysql-proxy $PROXY_OPTIONS \
--daemon \ //定义以守护进程模式启动
--keepalive \ //使进程在异常关闭后能够自动恢复
--pid-file=$PROXY_PID \ //定义mysql-proxy PID文件路径
--user=mysql \ //以mysql用户身份启动服务
--log-level=warning \ //定义log日志级别,由高到低分别有(error|warning|info|message|debug)
--log-file=/opt/mysql-proxy/log/mysql-proxy.log //定义log日志文件路径
==============================================
cp mysql-proxy /opt/mysql-proxy/init.d/
chmod +x /opt/mysql-proxy/init.d/mysql-proxy
mkdir /opt/mysql-proxy/run
mkdir /opt/mysql-proxy/log
mkdir /opt/mysql-proxy/scripts
配置并使用rw-splitting.lua读写分离脚本
最新的脚本我们可以从最新的mysql-proxy源码包中获取
cp /home/buniao/mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-rhel5-x86-32bit/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua /opt/mysql-proxy/scripts
修改读写分离脚本rw-splitting.lua
修改默认连接,进行快速测试,不修改的话要达到连接数为4时才启用读写分离
vim /opt/mysql-proxy/scripts/rw-splitting.lua
=============================
-- connection pool
if not proxy.global.config.rwsplit then
proxy.global.config.rwsplit = {
min_idle_connections = 1, //默认为4
max_idle_connections = 1, //默认为8
is_debug = false
}
end
=============================
修改完成后,启动mysql-proxy
/opt/mysql-proxy/init.d/mysql-proxy start
测试读写分离效果
创建用于读写分离的数据库连接用户
登陆主数据库服务器192.168.1.24,通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器
/opt/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO ‘proxy1‘@‘192.168.1.21‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password‘;
由于我们配置了主从复制功能,因此从数据库服务器192.168.1.7上已经同步了此操作。
为了清晰的看到读写分离的效果,需要暂时关闭MySQL主从复制功能
登陆从数据库服务器:
mysq -uroot -p
mysql> slave stop;
mysql> select name from first_tb.first_tb;
+------+------------+
| id | name |
+------+------------+
| 123 | abcdefghij |
| 321 | buniao |
| 1 | dgd |
| 1 | term |
| 2 | test |
| 3 | sun |
| 4 | dgd |
+------+------------+
登陆主数据库服务器:
mysql> insert into first_tb values("005","mjj");
mysql> select * from first_tb;
+------+------------+
| id | name |
+------+------------+
| 123 | abcdefghij |
| 321 | buniao |
| 1 | dgd |
| 1 | term |
| 2 | test |
| 3 | sun |
| 4 | dgd |
| 5 | mjj |
+------+------------+
此时,由于关闭了主从复制功能,所以在从服务器上不会看到数据更新
登陆proxy服务器
mysql -h192.168.1.21 -uproxy1 -p123qwe -P4040
mysql> select * from first_tb.first_tb;
+------+------------+
| id | name |
+------+------------+
| 123 | abcdefghij |
| 321 | buniao |
| 1 | dgd |
| 1 | term |
| 2 | test |
| 3 | sun |
| 4 | dgd |
| 5 | mjj |
+------+------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
会看到在查主服务器上进行了查询
接着打开三个终端
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -h192.168.1.21 -uproxy1 -p123qwe -P4040
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the buffer.
mysql> select * from first_tb.first_tb;
+------+------------+
| id | name |
+------+------------+
| 123 | abcdefghij |
| 321 | buniao |
| 1 | dgd |
| 1 | term |
| 2 | test |
| 3 | sun |
| 4 | dgd |
+------+------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
会发现在从数据库上进行了查询
自此,数据库主从复制,读写分离完成。
在测试完后,将从服务器上同步功能打开
mysql> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select name from first_tb.first_tb;
+------------+
| name |
+------------+
| abcdefghij |
| buniao |
| dgd |
| term |
| test |
| sun |
| dgd |
| mjj |
+------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
此时,数据重新进行同步
参考文档
http://www.cnblogs.com/luckcs/articles/2543607.html
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/102265.htm