转载自：数学的美学世界-人人小站
Symbols
| + | plus | /‘pl?s/ |
| - | minus | /‘ma?n?s/ |
| ± | plus or minus | /‘pl?s ?: ‘ma?n?s/ |
| x | multiplied by | /‘m?lt?pla?d ba?/ |
| / | over; divided by | /‘??v?/ /d?‘va?d?d/ |
| ÷ | divided | /d?‘va?d?d/ |
| = | equals | /‘?:kw?lz/ |
| ≈ | approximately, similar | /?‘pr?ks?m?tl?/ /‘s?m?l? t?/ |
| ≡ | equivalent to; identical | /?k‘w?v?l?nt t?/ /a?‘dent?kl t?/ |
| ≠ | not equal to | /‘n?t ‘i?kw?l t?/ |
| > | greater than | /‘gre?t? ð?n/ |
| < | less than | /‘les ð?n/ |
| ≥ | greater than or equal to | /‘gre?t? ð?n ?r ‘i?kw?l t?/ |
| ≤ | less than or equal to | /‘les ð?n ?r‘ i?kw?l t?/ |
| ? | not greater than | /‘n?t ‘gre?t? ð?n/ |
| ? | not less than | /‘n?t ‘les ð?n/ |
| ? | much greater than | /‘m?? ‘gre?t? ð?n/ |
| ? | much less than | /‘m?? ‘les ð?n/ |
| ⊥ | perpendicular to | /p??p?n‘d?kj?l? t?/ |
| ∣∣ | parallel to | /‘pær?lel t?/ |
| ? | not equivalent to, not identical to | /‘n?t ?k‘w?v?l?nt t?/ /‘n?t a?‘dent?kl t?/ |
| ?? | not similar to | /‘n?t ‘s?m?l? t?/ |
| ² | squared | /‘skwe?d/ |
| ³ | cubed | /‘kju:bd/ |
| 4 | to the fourth; to the power four | /t? ð? ‘f??θ/ /te ð? ‘pɑ?? f??/ |
| n | to the n; to the nth; to the power n | /t? ð? en; t? d? enθ; t? ð? pɑ??r en/ |
| √ | root; square root | /ru:t/ /skwe? ru:t/ |
| ? | cube root | /kju:b ru:t/ |
| ? | fourth root | /f??θ ru?t/ |
| ! | factorial | /fæk‘t??r??l/ |
| % | percent | /p?‘sent/ |
| ∞ | infinity | /?n‘f?n?t?/ |
| ∝ | varies as; proportional to | /‘v??r?z/ /pr?‘p????n?l/ |
| ˙ | dot | /d?t/ |
| ¨ | double dot | /d?bl d?t/ |
| : | is to, ratio of | /re?????/ |
| f(x) fx | f; function | /ef/ /‘f??k??n/ |
| f‘(x) | f dash; derivative | /dæ?/ /d?‘r?v?t?v/ |
| f‘‘x | f double-dash; second derivative | /‘d?bl dæ?/ /‘sek?nd d?‘r?v?t?v/ |
| f‘‘‘(x) | f triple-dash; f treble-dash; third derivative | /‘tr?pl dæ?/ / trebl dæ?/ /θ?:d d?‘r?v?t?v/ |
| f(4) | f four; fourth derivative | /f??θ d?‘r?v?t?v/ |
| ∂ | partial derivative, delta | /pa???l d?‘r?v?t?v/ /delt?/ |
| ∫ | integral | /‘?nt?gr?l/ |
| ∑ | sum | /s?m/ |
| w.r.t. | with respect to | /w?ð ‘r?spekt/ |
| log | log | /l?g/ |
| log?x | log to the base 2 of x | /l?g t? ð? be?s tu: ?v eks/ |
| ∴ | therefore | /‘ð??f??/ |
| ∵ | because | /b?‘k?z/ |
| → | gives, leads to, approaches | /g?vz/ /li:dz t?/ /?pr????z/ |
| / | per | /p?:/ |
| ∈ | belongs to; a member of; an element of | /b?‘l??z/ /‘memb?/ /‘el?m?nt/ |
| ∉ | does not belong to; is not a member of; is not an element of | /n?t b?‘l??/ /n?t ? ‘memb?/ /n?t ?n ‘el?m?nt/ |
| ⊂ | contained in; a proper subset of | /k?n‘te?nd ?n/ /‘pr?p? ‘s?bset/ |
| ⊆ | contained in; subset | /‘s?bset/ |
| ? | intersection | /‘?nt?sek??n/ |
| ? | union | /‘ju?n??n/ |
| ∀ | for all | /f? r?:l/ |
| cos x | cos x; cosine x | /k?z/ |
| sin x | sine x | /sa?n/ |
| tan x | tangent x | /tan/ |
| cosec x | cosec x | /‘k??sek/ |
| sinh x | shine x | /‘?a?n/ |
| cosh x | cosh x | /‘k??/ |
| tanh x | than x | /θæn/ |
| |x| | mod x; modulus x | /m?d/ /‘m?dj?l?s/ |
| ℃ | degrees Centigrade | /d?‘gri:z ‘sent?gre?d/ |
| ℉ | degrees Fahrenheit | /d?‘gri:z ‘fær?nha?t/ |
| °K | degrees Kelvin | /d?‘gri:z ‘kelv?n/ |
| 0°K, –273.15 °C | absolute zero | /abs?lu:t zi:r??/ |
| mm | millimetre | /‘m?l?mi?t?/ |
| cm | centimetre | /‘sent?mi?t?/ |
| cc, cm³ | cubic centimetre, centimetre cubed | /‘kju?b?k ‘sent?mi?t?/ /‘sent?mi?t? ‘kju:bd/ |
| m | metre | /‘mi?t?/ |
| km | kilometre | /k?‘l?m?t?/ |
| mg | milligram | /‘m?l?græm/ |
| g | gram | /græm/ |
| kg | kilogram | /‘k?l?græm/ |
| AC | A.C. | /e? si:/ |
| DC | D.C. | /di: si:/ |
Examples
| x + 1 | x plus one |
| x -1 | x minus one |
| x ± 1 | x plus or minus one |
| xy | x y; x times y; x multiplied by y |
| (x — y)(x + y) | x minus y, x plus y |
| x/y | x over y; x divided by y; |
| x ÷ y | x divided by y |
| x = 5 | x equals 5; x is equal to 5 |
| x ≈ y | x is approximately equal to y |
| x ≡ y | x is equivalent to y; x is identical with y |
| x ≠ y | x is not equal to y |
| x > y | x is greater than y |
| x < y | x is less than y |
| x ≥ y | x is greater than or equal to y |
| x ≤ y | x is less than or equal to y |
| 0 < x < 1 | zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 1 |
| 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 | zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1 |
| x² | x squared |
| x³ | x cubed |
| x4 | x to the fourth; x to the power four |
| xn | x to the n; x to the nth; x to the power n |
| x-n | x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n |
| √ | root x; square root x; the square root of x |
| ? | the cube root of x |
| ? | the fourth root of x |
| the nth root of x | |
| (x + y)² | x plus y all squared |
| (x/y)² | x over y all squared |
| n! | n factorial; factorial n |
| x% | x percent |
| ∞ | infinity |
| x ∝ y | x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y |
| x ∝ 1/y | x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y |
| ? | x dot |
| ? | x double dot |
| f(x) fx | f of x; the function of x |
| f‘(x) | f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to x |
| f‘‘x | f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x |
| f‘‘‘(x) | f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x |
| f(4) | f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x |
| ∂v | the partial derivative of v |
| ∂v∂θ | delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ |
| ∂²v∂θ² | delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to θ |
| dv | the derivative of v |
| dvdθ | d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to theta |
| d²vdθ² | d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta, |
| ∫ | integral |
| integral from zero to infinity | |
| ∑ | sum |
| the sum from i equals 1 to n | |
| w.r.t. | with respect to |
| logey | log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y |
| ∴ | therefore |
| ∵ | because |
| → | gives, approaches |
| Δx → 0 | delta x approaches zero |
| limΔx→0 | the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero |
| LtΔx→0 | the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero |
| m/sec | metres per second |
| x ∈ A | x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A |
| x∉ A | x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of A |
| A⊂ B | A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B |
| A ⊆ B | A is contained in B; A is a subset of B |
| A ? B | A intersection B |
| A ? B | A union B |
| cos x | cos x; cosine x |
| sin x | sine x |
| tan x | tangent x, tan x |
| cosec x | cosec x |
| sinh x | shine x |
| cosh x | cosh x |
| tanh x | than x |
| |x| | mod x; modulus x |
| 18 ℃ | eighteen degrees Centigrade |
| 70 ℉ | seventy degrees Fahrenheit |
Greek alphabet
| Α | α | alpha | /‘ælf?/ |
| Β | β | beta | /‘bi:t?/ |
| Γ | γ | gamma | /‘gæm?/ |
| Δ | δ | delta | /‘delt?/ |
| Ε | ε | epsilon | /‘epsil?n/ |
| Ζ | ζ | zeta | /‘zi?t?/ |
| Η | η | eta | /‘i?t?/ |
| Θ | θ | theta | /‘θi?t?/ |
| Ι | ι | iota | /a?‘??t?/ |
| Κ | κ | kappa | /‘kæp?/ |
| Λ | λ | lamda | /‘læmd?/ |
| Μ | μ | mu | /‘mju?/ |
| Ν | ν | nu | /‘nju?/ |
| Ξ | ξ | xi | /‘ksa?/ |
| Ο | ο | omicron | /‘??m?kr?n/ |
| Π | π | pi | /‘pa?/ |
| Ρ | ρς | rho | /‘r??/ |
| Σ | σ | sigma | /‘s?gm?/ |
| Τ | τ | tau | /‘tɑ?/ |
| Υ | υ | upsilon | /‘j?ps?l?n/ |
| Φ | φ | phi | /‘fa?/ |
| Χ | χ | chi | /‘ka?/ |
| Ψ | ψ | psi | /‘psa?/ |
| Ω | ω | omega | /‘??m?g?/ |
^
Roman alphabet
| A | a | /‘e?/ |
| B | b | /‘bi?/ |
| C | c | /‘si?/ |
| D | d | /‘di?/ |
| E | e | /‘i?/ |
| F | f | /‘ef/ |
| G | g | /‘?i?/ |
| H | h | /‘e??/ |
| I | i | /‘a?/ |
| J | j | /‘?e?/ |
| K | k | /‘ke?/ |
| L | l | /‘el/ |
| M | m | /‘em/ |
| N | n | /‘en/ |
| O | o | /‘??/ |
| P | p | /‘pi?/ |
| Q | q | /‘kju?/ |
| R | r | /‘ɑ?/ |
| S | s | /‘es/ |
| T | t | /‘ti:/ |
| U | u | /‘ju:/ |
| V | v | /‘vi:/ |
| W | w | /‘d?blju?/ |
| X | x | /‘eks/ |
| Y | y | /‘wa?/ |
| Z | z | /‘zed/ |
^
Fractions
| ½ | a half | /? ‘hɑ:f/ |
| ¼ | a quarter | /? ‘kw??t?/ |
| ¾ | three quarters | /θri? ‘kw??t?z/ |
| ? | a third | /? ‘θ?:d/ |
| ? | two thirds | /tu: ‘θ?:dz/ |
| ? | a fifth | /? ‘f?fθ/ |
| ? | two fifths | /tu: ‘f?fθs/ |
| ? | three fifths | /θri? ‘f?fθs/ |
| ? | four fifths | /f?? ‘f?fθs/ |
| ? | a sixth | /? ‘s?ksθ/ |
| ? | five sixths | /fa?v ‘s?ksθs/ |
| ? | an eighth | /?n ‘e?tθ/ |
| ? | three eighths | /θri? ‘e?tθs/ |
| ? | five eighths | /fa?v ‘e?tθs/ |
| ? | seven eighths | /sev?n ‘e?tθs/ |
^
Decimal Fractions
| 0.1 | nought point one | /n?:t p??nt w?n/ |
| 0.01 | nought point oh one | /n?:t p??nt ?? w?n/ |
| 0.0001 | nought point oh oh oh one | /ten p??nt ?? ?? ?? w?n/ |
| 1.1 | one point one | /w?n p??nt w?n/ |
| 1.2 | one point two | /w?n p??nt tu:/ |
| 1.23 | one point two three | /w?n p??nt tu: θri:/ |
| 1.0123 | one point oh one two three | /w?n p??nt ?? w?n tu: θri:/ |
| 10.01 | ten point oh one | /ten p??nt ?? w?n/ |
| 21.57 | twenty-one point five seven | /‘twent? w?n p??nt fa?v ‘sev?n/ |
| 2.6666666666.... | two point six recurring | /tu: p??nt s?ks r?‘k?:r??/ |
| 2.612361236123... | two point six one two three recurring | /tu: p??nt s?ks w?n tu: θri: r?‘k?:r??/ |
| 2.5 million | two point five million | /tu: p??nt fa?v ‘m?lj?n/ |
^
SI Units: Prefixes
| 10-24 | yocto | y | /‘j?kt??/ |
| 10-21 | zepto | z | /‘zept??/ |
| 10-18 | atto | a | /‘at??/ |
| 10-15 | femto | f | /‘femt??/ |
| 10-12 | pico | p | /‘pi:k??/ |
| 10-9 | nano | n | /‘nan??/ |
| 10-6 | micro | µ | /‘ma?kr??/ |
| 10-3 | milli | m | /‘m?l?/ |
| 10-2 | centi | c | /‘sent?/ |
| 10-1 | deci | d | /‘des?/ |
| 103 | kilo | k | /‘k?l??/ |
| 106 | mega | M | /‘meg?/ |
| 109 | giga | G | /‘g?g?/ |
| 1012 | tera | T | /‘ter?/ |
| 1015 | peta | P | /‘pet?/ |
| 1018 | exa | E | /‘eks?/ |
| 1021 | zetta | Z | /‘zet?/ |
| 1024 | yotta | Y | /‘j?t?/ |
| 1027 | xona | X | /‘z??n?/ |
| 1030 | weka | W | /‘wek?/ |
| 1033 | vunda | V | /‘v?nd?/ |
^
Cardinal Numbers
| 1 | one | /w?n/ |
| 2 | two | /tu:/ |
| 3 | three | /θri:/ |
| 4 | four | /f??/ |
| 5 | five | /fa?v/ |
| 6 | six | /s?ks/ |
| 7 | seven | /‘sev?n/ |
| 8 | eight | /e?t/ |
| 9 | nine | /na?n/ |
| 10 | ten | /ten/ |
| 11 | eleven | /?‘lev?n/ |
| 12 | twelve | /twelv/ |
| 13 | thirteen | /θ?:‘ti:n/ |
| 14 | fourteen | /f??‘ti:n/ |
| 15 | fifteen | /f?f‘ti:n/ |
| 16 | sixteen | /s?kst‘i:n/ |
| 17 | seventeen | /seven‘ti:n/ |
| 18 | eighteen | /e?‘ti:n/ |
| 19 | nineteen | /na?n‘ti:n/ |
| 20 | twenty | /‘twent?/ |
| 21 | twenty-one | /twent?‘w?n/ |
| 22 | twenty-two | /twent?‘tu:/ |
| 23 | twenty-three | /twent?‘θri:/ |
| 24 | twenty-four | /twent?‘f??/ |
| 25 | twenty-five | /twent?‘fa?v/ |
| 26 | twenty-six | /twent?‘s?ks/ |
| 27 | twenty-seven | /twent?‘sev?n/ |
| 28 | twenty-eight | /twent?‘e?t/ |
| 29 | twenty-nine | /twent?‘na?n/ |
| 30 | thirty | /‘θ?:t?/ |
| 40 | forty | /‘f??t?/ |
| 50 | fifty | /‘f?ft?/ |
| 60 | sixty | /‘s?kst?/ |
| 70 | seventy | /‘sev?nt?/ |
| 80 | eighty | /‘e?t?/ |
| 90 | ninety | /‘na?nt?/ |
| 100 | a hundred; one hundred | /? ‘h?ndr?d/ /w?n ‘h?ndr?d/ |
| 101 | a hundred and one | /? ‘h?ndr?d ?n w?n/ |
| 102 | a hundred and two | /? ‘h?ndr?d ?n tu:/ |
| 110 | a hundred and ten | /? ‘h?ndr?d ?n ten/ |
| 120 | a hundred and twenty | /? ‘h?ndr?d ?n ‘twent?/ |
| 200 | two hundred | /tu: ‘h?ndr?d/ |
| 300 | three hundred | /θri: ‘h?ndr?d/ |
| 400 | four hundred | /f?? ‘h?ndr?d/ |
| 500 | five hundred | /fa?v ‘h?ndr?d/ |
| 600 | six hundred | /s?ks ‘h?ndr?d/ |
| 700 | seven hundred | /‘sev?n ‘h?ndr?d/ |
| 800 | eight hundred | /e?t ‘h?ndr?d/ |
| 900 | nine hundred | /na?n ‘h?ndr?d/ |
| 1 000 | a thousand, one thousand | /? θ‘ɑ?z?nd/ /w?n ‘θɑ?z?nd/ |
| 1 001 | a thousand and one | /? ‘θɑ?z?nd ?n w?n/ |
| 1 010 | a thousand and ten | /? ‘θɑ?z?nd ?n ten/ |
| 1 020 | a thousand and twenty | /? ‘θɑ?z?nd ?n ‘twent?/ |
| 1 100 | one thousand, one hunded | /w?n ‘θɑ?z?nd w?n ‘h?ndr?d/ |
| 1 101 | one thousand, one hundred and one | /w?n ‘θɑ?z?nd w?n ‘h?ndr?d ?n w?n/ |
| 1 110 | one thousand, one hundred and ten | /w?n ‘θɑ?z?nd w?n ‘h?ndr?d ?n ten/ |
| 9 999 | nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine | /na?n ‘θɑ?z?nd na?n ‘h?ndr?d ?n ‘na?nt? ‘na?n/ |
| 10 000 | ten thousand | /ten ‘θɑ?z?nd/ |
| 15 356 | fifteen thousand, three hundred and fifty six | /‘f?fti:n ‘θɑ?z?nd θri: ‘h?ndr?d ?n ‘f?ft? s?ks/ |
| 100 000 | a hundred thousand | /? ‘h?ndr?d ‘θɑ?z?nd/ |
| 1 000 000 | a million | /? ‘m?lj?n/ |
| 100 000 000 | a hundred million | /? ‘h?ndr?d ‘m?lj?n/ |
| 1 000 000 000 | a billion | /? ‘b?lj?n/ |
| 100 000 000 000 | a hundred billion | /? ‘h?ndr?d ‘b?lj?n/ |
| 1 000 000 000 000 | a trillion | /? ‘tr?lj?n/ |
| 1 000 000 000 000 000 | a quadrillion | /? kw?dr?lj?n/ |
| 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 | a quintillian | /? kw?n‘t?lj?n/ |
| 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 | a sextillion | /? seks‘t?lj?n/ |
| 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 | a septillion | /? sep‘t?lj?n/ |
| 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 | an ocillion | /?n ?kt‘t?lj?n/ |
| 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 | a nonillion | /? n?n‘?lj?n/ |
| 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 | a decillion | /? de‘s?lj?n/ |
^
Ordinal Numbers
| 1st | first | /f?:st/ |
| 2nd | second | /‘sek?nd/ |
| 3rd | third | /θ?:d/ |
| 4th | fourth | /f?:θ/ |
| 5th | fifth | /f?fθ/ |
| 6th | sixth | /s?ksθ/ |
| 7th | seventh | /‘sev?nθ/ |
| 8th | eighth | /e?tθ/ |
| 9th | ninth | /na?nθ/ |
| 10th | tenth | /tenθ/ |
| 11th | eleventh | /?‘lev?nθ/ |
| 12th | twelfth | /‘twelfθ/ |
| 13th | thirteenth | /θ?:‘ti:nθ/ |
| 14th | fourtheenth | /f??‘ti:nθ/ |
| 15th | fidteenth | /f?f‘ti:nθ/ |
| 16th | sixteenth | /s?ks‘ti:nθ/ |
| 17th | seventeenth | /seven‘ti:nθ/ |
| 18th | eighteenth | /e?‘ti:nθ/ |
| 19th | nineteenth | /na?n‘ti:nθ/ |
| 20th | twentieth | /‘twent??θ/ |
| 21st | twenty-first | /twent?‘f?:st/ |
| 22nd | twenty-second | /twent?‘sek?nd/ |
| 23rd | twenty-third | /twent?‘θ?:d/ |
| 24th | twenty-fourth | /twent?‘f?:θ/ |
| 25th | twenty-fifth | /twent?‘f?fθ/ |
| 26th | twenty-sixth | /twent?‘s?ksθ/ |
| 27th | twenty-seventh | /twent?‘sev?nθ/ |
| 28th | twenty-eighth | /twent?‘e?tθ/ |
| 29th | twenty-ninth | /twent?‘na?nθ/ |
| 30th | thirtieth | /‘θ??t??θ/ |
| 31st | thirty-first | /θ??t?‘f?:st/ |
| 40th | fortieth | /‘f?:t??θ/ |
| 50th | fiftieth | /‘f?ft??θ/ |
| 100th | hundredth | /‘h?ndr?dθ/ |
| 1 000th | thousandth | /‘θɑ?z?ndθ/ |
| 1 000 000th | millionth | /‘m?lj?nθ/ |
时间： 2024-08-25 04:16:24