C语法归约之函数（2）

上篇给出了数组和指针的归约过程，此篇要进一步开辟新阵地——函数！主要用到文法树中的类型和抽象类型以及语句中的compound-stm;

语句和表达式的归约过程将在后期陆续给出，这里函数定义只是简单的一对花括号。

函数声明和定义归约

示例代码

本代码部分来自与C99标准中的范例

int f(void);
int f(char *str, ...);
int *fip();
int (*pfi)();
int (*apfi[3])(int *x, int *y);
int (*fpfi(int (*)(long), int))(int, ...);//这个复杂，比较难理解，在此文最后总结部分，给出详细解释和使用实例
void addscalar(int n, int m, int a[n][n*m+300], int x);//来自与C99，不重述
int f(int (*p1)(int (*p2)(int (*p3)(void))));//在总结中给出解释

int f()
{
}

归约过程

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declaration-list type-specifier
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 

curr: (  next: char  

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( type-specifier
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers 

curr: *  next: str
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers pointer 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers pointer 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ postfix-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ unary-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ cast-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ additive-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ shift-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ relational-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ equality-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ AND-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ exclusive-OR-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ inclusive-OR-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ logical-AND-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ logical-OR-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ conditional-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator [ assignment-expression 

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curr: (  next: int  

curr: int  next: n
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-declaration
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list 

curr: ,  next: int  

curr: int  next: m
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , type-specifier
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , parameter-declaration
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , type-specifier
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 

curr: [  next: n  

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ primary-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ postfix-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ unary-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ cast-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ shift-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ relational-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ equality-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ AND-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ exclusive-OR-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ inclusive-OR-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-AND-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-OR-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ conditional-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ assignment-expression 

curr: ]  next: [
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 

curr: [  next: n  

curr: ID  next: *
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ primary-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ postfix-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ unary-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ cast-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression 

curr: *  next: m  

curr: ID  next: +
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression * primary-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression * postfix-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression * unary-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression * cast-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression 

curr: +  next: 300  

curr: 300  next: ]
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression + primary-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression + postfix-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression + unary-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression + cast-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression + multiplicative-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ shift-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ relational-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ equality-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ AND-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ exclusive-OR-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ inclusive-OR-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-AND-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-OR-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ conditional-expression
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ assignment-expression 

curr: ]  next: ,
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , parameter-declaration
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list 

curr: ,  next: int  

curr: int  next: x
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , type-specifier
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers direct-declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , declaration-specifiers declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list , parameter-declaration
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: int
declaration-list declaration
declaration-list 

curr: int  next: f
declaration-list type-specifier
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ID  next: (
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 

curr: (  next: int  

curr: int  next: (
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( type-specifier
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers 

curr: (  next: *  

curr: *  next: p1
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers ( pointer 

curr: ID  next: )
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers ( declarator 

curr: )  next: (
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 

curr: (  next: int  

curr: int  next: (
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( type-specifier
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers 

curr: (  next: *  

curr: *  next: p2
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers ( pointer 

curr: ID  next: )
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator
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curr: (  next: int  

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers 

curr: (  next: *  

curr: *  next: p3
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers ( pointer 

curr: ID  next: )
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers ( pointer direct-declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers ( declarator 

curr: )  next: (
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 

curr: (  next: void  

curr: void  next: )
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( type-specifier
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers declarator
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list 

curr: )  next: )
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: int
declaration-list declaration
declaration-list 

curr: int  next: f
declaration-list type-specifier
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ID  next: (
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 

curr: (  next: )  

curr: )  next: {
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 

curr: {  next: }  

curr: }  next: NULL
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator compound-statement
declaration-list function-definition
declaration-list function-definition-list
translation-unit

总结

int (*pfi)();//这是个函数指针

int (*apfi[3])(int *x, int *y); //这是个函数指针数组，三个函数类型是int (*)(int *, int *)指针变量

它的最大应用就是钩子函数！假设三个功能函数接口类型一致，且有相对编号012，那么指针数组就派上用场了，使用编号调用接口等等吧，这只是常见的应用一种方式！

int (*fpfi(int (*)(long), int))(int, ...);

从最里层开始看起，int (*)(long)这是个抽象函数类型，它指定了函数fpfi的第一个参数的类型，即fpfi（）函数第一个参数是个函数指针，紧接是个int，即fpfi()第二参数是个整型变量。fpfi（）函数的返回值类型是int (*)(int, ...)，这样就清楚了！

函数名:fpfi

返回值:int(*)(int, ...)

参数:P1:int(*)(long);  p2:int

为了便于理解，写个简单范例，注意这个范例很黄很暴力！哈哈

#include <stdio.h>

int (*mother(int (*)(long), int))(int);

int girl(long leg)
{
	printf("girl's leg? %ld\n", leg);
	return -1;
}

int boy(int big)
{
	printf("boy's pipe ? %d\n", big);
	return -2;
}

int (*mother(int (*g)(long), int m)) (int)
{
	g(35);
	printf("mother marry%d\n", m);
	return boy;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int (*father)(int);

	printf("first:\n");
	father = mother(girl, 10);
	father(19);

	int (*(*wife)(int (*)(long), int))(int);
	printf("second:\n");
	wife = mother;
	father = wife(girl, 15);
	father(21);
	return 0;
}
int f(int (*p1)(int (*p2)(int (*p3)(void))));

函数f的参数类型是 int (*)(int (*)(int (*)())),意思就是(*p2)的参数是个函数指针int (*)()，（*p1）的参数还是个函数指针 int (*)(int (*)())

下篇：表达式

时间： 2024-08-05 12:42:47

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