- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <vector>
- #include <algorithm>
- #include <new>
- struct foo_t
- {
- int size;
- };
- class cmp_t
- {
- public:
- bool operator()(foo_t *a, foo_t *b)
- {
- return a->size >= b->size;
- }
- };
- int main(int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- std::vector<foo_t *> vec;
- for (int i = 0; i < 17; i++)
- {
- foo_t *x = new(std::nothrow) foo_t();
- if (NULL == x)
- {
- goto fail;
- }
- else
- {
- x->size = 1;
- }
- vec.push_back(x);
- }
- std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end(), cmp_t());
- fail:
- for(std::vector<foo_t *>::iterator iter = vec.begin(); vec.end() != iter; ++iter)
- {
- delete *iter;
- *iter = NULL;
- }
- return 0;
- }
- 然后编译
- g++ main.cpp -Werror -Wall -g
然后执行,此时系统出core,错误类型为段错误
如果无core文件产生,可以使用- ulimit -c unlimited
后重新执行一次,此时就会有core文件生成
然后- gdb a.out core
- (gdb) bt
- #0 0x0804889e in cmp_t::operator() (this=0xbfed92d0, a=0x0, b=0x9a9d0c8) at main.cpp:16
#1
0x080497ff in
std::__unguarded_partition<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<foo_t**,
std::vector<foo_t*, std::allocator<foo_t*> > >, foo_t*,
cmp_t> (__first=..., __last=..., [email protected], __comp=...) at
/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_algo.h:2233
#2 0x0804926a in
std::__unguarded_partition_pivot<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<foo_t**,
std::vector<foo_t*, std::allocator<foo_t*> > >,
cmp_t> (__first=..., __last=..., __comp=...) at
/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_algo.h:2265
#3 0x08048e84 in
std::__introsort_loop<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<foo_t**,
std::vector<foo_t*, std::allocator<foo_t*> > >, int,
cmp_t> (
__first=..., __last=..., __depth_limit=7, __comp=...) at /usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_algo.h:2306
#4
0x08048a22 in std::sort<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<foo_t**,
std::vector<foo_t*, std::allocator<foo_t*> > >, cmp_t>
(__first=...,
__last=..., __comp=...) at /usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_algo.h:5368
#5 0x080487ce in main (argc=1, argv=0xbfed9464) at main.cpp:38
可以看到,系统core在了排序函数里面。
然后通过分析stl代码发现以下一段代码- /// This is a helper function...
- template<typename _RandomAccessIterator, typename _Tp, typename _Compare>
- _RandomAccessIterator
- __unguarded_partition(_RandomAccessIterator __first,
- _RandomAccessIterator __last,
- const _Tp& __pivot, _Compare __comp)
- {
- while (true)
- {
- while (__comp(*__first, __pivot))
- ++__first;
- --__last;
- while (__comp(__pivot, *__last))
- --__last;
- if (!(__first < __last))
- return __first;
- std::iter_swap(__first, __last);
- ++__first;
- }
- }
此函数完成快速排序中分区功能,即将比哨兵小的数据放在其前,大的放在其后。
函数中使用的是
while (__comp(*__first, __pivot))
++__first;如果当比较元素相同返回真时,此时比较元素将会继续向下遍历,在极端情况下,例如程序中所有元素都是一样的情况下,在这种情况下,就会出现访问越界,结果就是导致程序出现segment fault
所以在写c++ stl中的比较函数是,bool返回真的时候,一定是“真的”大,或者小,等于的时候只能返回false。
时间: 2024-10-28 13:57:26