文档对象模型（Document Object Model，DOM）是一种用于HTML和XML文档的编程接口。它给文档提供了一种结构化的表示方法，可以改变文档的内容和呈现方式。我们最为关心的是，DOM把网页和脚本以及其他的编程语言联系了起来。DOM属于浏览器，而不是JavaScript语言规范里的规定的核心内容。
一、查找元素
1、直接查找
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2、间接查找
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二、操作
1、内容
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2、属性
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="全选" onclick="CheckAll();"/>
<input type="button" value="取消" onclick="CancelAll();"/>
<input type="button" value="反选" onclick="ReverseCheck();"/>
<table border="1" >
<thead>
</thead>
<tbody id="tb">
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
<td>111</td>
<td>222</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
<td>111</td>
<td>222</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
<td>111</td>
<td>222</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
<td>111</td>
<td>222</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<script>
function CheckAll(ths){
var tb = document.getElementById(‘tb‘);
var trs = tb.childNodes;
for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
var current_tr = trs[i];
if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(‘input‘)[0];
inp.checked = true;
}
}
}
function CancelAll(ths){
var tb = document.getElementById(‘tb‘);
var trs = tb.childNodes;
for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
var current_tr = trs[i];
if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(‘input‘)[0];
inp.checked = false;
}
}
}
function ReverseCheck(ths){
var tb = document.getElementById(‘tb‘);
var trs = tb.childNodes;
for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
var current_tr = trs[i];
if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(‘input‘)[0];
if(inp.checked){
inp.checked = false;
}else{
inp.checked = true;
}
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
demo
3、class操作
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4、标签操作
a.创建标签
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b.操作标签
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5、样式操作
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<input onfocus="Focus(this);" onblur="Blur(this);" id="search" value="请输入关键字" style="color: gray;" />
<script>
function Focus(ths){
ths.style.color = "black";
if(ths.value == ‘请输入关键字‘ || ths.value.trim() == ""){
ths.value = "";
}
}
function Blur(ths){
if(ths.value.trim() == ""){
ths.value = ‘请输入关键字‘;
ths.style.color = ‘gray‘;
}else{
ths.style.color = "black";
}
}
</script>
demo
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<style>
body{
margin: 0px;
}
img {
border: 0;
}
ul{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.clearfix:after {
content: ".";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
.wrap{
width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.pg-header{
background-color: #303a40;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
-moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
}
.pg-header .logo{
float: left;
padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
}
.pg-header .logo img{
vertical-align: middle;
width: 110px;
height: 40px;
}
.pg-header .nav{
line-height: 50px;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li{
float: left;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li a{
display: block;
color: #ccc;
padding: 0 20px;
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 14px;
}
.pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
color: #fff;
background-color: #425a66;
}
.pg-body{
}
.pg-body .catalog{
position: absolute;
top:60px;
width: 200px;
background-color: #fafafa;
bottom: 0px;
}
.pg-body .catalog.fixed{
position: fixed;
top:10px;
}
.pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
color: #fff;
background-color: #425a66;
}
.pg-body .content{
position: absolute;
top:60px;
width: 700px;
margin-left: 210px;
background-color: #fafafa;
overflow: auto;
}
.pg-body .content .section{
height: 500px;
}
</style>
<body onscroll="ScrollEvent();">
<div class="pg-header">
<div class="wrap clearfix">
<div class="logo">
<a href="#">
<img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn">
</a>
</div>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#">首页</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">功能一</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">功能二</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pg-body">
<div class="wrap">
<div class="catalog">
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
<div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div menu="function1" class="section">
<h1>第一章</h1>
</div>
<div menu="function2" class="section">
<h1>第二章</h1>
</div>
<div menu="function3" class="section">
<h1>第三章</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
function ScrollEvent(){
var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop;
if(bodyScrollTop>50){
document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.add(‘fixed‘);
}else{
document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.remove(‘fixed‘);
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Demo-滚动固定
6、位置操作
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7、提交表单
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8、其他操作
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三、事件
对于事件需要注意的要点：
- this
- event
- 事件链以及跳出
this标签当前正在操作的标签，event封装了当前事件的内容。
实例：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<input id=‘i1‘ onfocus="Focus();" onblur="Blur();" type="text" value="请输入纳税人识别号"/>
<script>
function Focus(){
var tag = document.getElementById(‘i1‘);
var val = tag.value;
console.log(val);
if(val === "请输入纳税人识别号"){
tag.value = "";
}
}
function Blur(){
var tag = document.getElementById(‘i1‘);
var val = tag.value;
if(val.length === 0){
tag.value = ‘请输入纳税人识别号‘;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
搜索框中的提示文字
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>生日快乐</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="i1">欢迎税友集团总裁张镇潮先生莅临甘肃分甘肃指导。</div>
<script>
function f1() {
//根据id获取指定标签，定义局部变量用var
var tag = document.getElementById(‘i1‘);
//获取标签的内容
var content = tag.innerText;
var f = content.charAt(0);
var l = content.substring(1,content.length);
var new_content = l + f;
tag.innerText = new_content;
}
setInterval(‘f1()‘,300)
</script>
</body>
</html>
滚动显示
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.hide{
display: none;
}
.c1{
position: fixed;
left:0;
right: 0;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
background-color: black;
opacity: 0.5;
z-index: 9;
}
.c2{
height: 400px;
width: 500px;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
margin-top: -200px;
margin-left: -250px;
z-index: 10;
background-color: white;
position: fixed;
}
</style>
</head>
<body style="margin: 0">
<div>
<input type="button" value="添加" onclick="ShowModal()"/>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>端口</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1.1.1.1</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1.1.1.2</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1.1.1.3</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--遮罩层开始-->
<div id=‘i1‘ class="c1 hide"></div>
<!--遮罩层结束-->
<!--弹出框开始-->
<div id=‘i2‘ class="c2 hide">
<p><input type="text"/></p>
<p><input type="text"/></p>
<p>
<input type="button" value="取消" onclick="HideModel()"/>
<input type="button" value="确认"/>
</p>
</div>
<!--弹出框结束-->
<script>
function ShowModal() {
document.getElementById(‘i1‘).classList.remove(‘hide‘);
document.getElementById(‘i2‘).classList.remove(‘hide‘);
}
function HideModel() {
document.getElementById(‘i1‘).classList.add(‘hide‘);
document.getElementById(‘i2‘).classList.add(‘hide‘);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
模态对话框